Table 2.
Factors independently associated with depressive symptoms1 among Mexican patients seeking care at a free primary care clinic in Tijuana, Mexico, 2013 (N=580).
| All Mexican Patients (N=580) | Gender Stratified Models | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | Males (N=425) (AOR; 95% CI) | Females (N=155) (AOR; 95% CI) | |
| Socio-Demographics | ||||
| Gender (female) | 2.52 | 1.42 – 4.46** | -- | -- |
| Mean age | 1.0 | 0.98 – 1.01 | 0.99; 0.97 – 1.01 | 1.02; 0.98 – 1.05 |
| Single | 1.21 | 0.81 – 1.79 | 1.20; 0.76 – 3.21 | 0.87; 0.35 – 2.13 |
| Middle school education or higher | 0.72 | 0.49 – 1.06 | 0.72; 0.47 – 1.13 | 0.57; 0.23 – 1.45 |
| Individual-Level Factors | ||||
| Poor or fair self-rated health | 1.72 | 1.18 – 2.50** | 2.08; 1.35 – 3.21** | 1.21; 0.51 – 2.87 |
| Ever diagnosed with syphilis, chlamydia, or gonorrhea | 0.81 | 0.40 – 1.61 | 0.94; 0.40 – 2.22 | 0.44; 0.11 – 1.68 |
| HIV positive (rapid test) | 0.8 | 0.25 – 2.54 | 1.48; 0.30 – 7.19 | 0.28; 0.38 – 2.03 |
| Ever diagnosed with chronic disease | 1.11 | 0.72 – 1.73 | 0.98; .583 – 1.66 | 1.15; 0.47 – 2.78 |
| Used illicit drugs, past 6 months | 2.18 | 1.42 – 3.35*** | 2.11; 1.31 – 3.39** | 3.0; 0.88 – 10.3 |
| Social Factors | ||||
| Felt rejected in Tijuana, past 6 months | 3.09 | 1.94 – 4.90*** | 3.01; 1.82 – 4.99*** | 6.83; 1.52 – 30.7* |
| Lacks friends/family in Tijuana | 1.0 | 0.66 – 1.51 | 1.11; 0.70 – 1.77 | 0.42; 0.14 – 1.23 |
| Threatened or harassed by Tijuana police/military, past 6 months | 1.32 | 0.86 – 2.04 | 1.28; 0.81 – 2.01 | 1.56; 0.28 – 8.67 |
| Traded sex in past 6 months | 1.32 | 0.67 – 2.59 | 1.07; 0.44 – 2.58 | 3.22; 0.80 – 13.0 |
| Ever forced to commit a sexual act | 2.3 | 1.07 – 4.94* | 1.05; 0.33 – 3.34 | 4.58; 1.34 – 15.7* |
| Ever experienced violence | 1.5 | 1.02 – 2.21* | 1.41; 0.92 – 2.17 | 2.25; 0.82 – 6.19 |
| Structural/Environmental Factors | ||||
| Ever unemployed, past 6 months | 0.96 | 0.64 – 1.45 | 1.04; 0.65 – 1.68 | 0.76; 0.30 – 1.94 |
| Homeless/unstable housing, past 6 months | 1.29 | 0.85 – 1.96 | 1.20; 0.74 – 1.94 | 1.54; 0.59 – 4.02 |
| Ever deported from the U.S. | 1.03 | 0.66 – 1.59 | 0.84; 0.74 – 1.94 | 4.91; 1.28 – 18.7* |
| Has Mexican Federal Voter Card (IFE) | 0.74 | 0.49 – 1.10 | 0.76; 0.48 – 1.21 | 0.73; 0.25 – 2.07 |
| Ever incarcerated | 0.85 | 0.53 – 1.37 | 0.98; 0.58 – 1.67 | 0.25; 0.06 – 1.03 |
*
p<0.05,
**
p<0.01,
***
p<0.001
1
Presence of depressive symptoms defined as 8-item PROMIS Depression short form score of ≥15