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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Toxicol In Vitro. 2015 Dec 10;32:123–131. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.12.002

Fig. 1. Pathways of phthalate metabolism. Metabolism pathways are shown for the three phthalate diesters used in the current study: (a) dibutyl phthalate (DBP). (b) di(ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and (c) diethyl phthalate (DEP).

Fig. 1

Phthalate parent compounds are initially converted to monoester metabolites by a class of enzymes known as lipases. This phase I reaction is followed by either phase II glucuronidation or the formation of alternative metabolic products.