Table 1. Malawi Ministry of Health case management guidelines for the diagnosis of pneumonia in children 0–59 months of age.

Fast breathing pneumonia(2–59 months of age)	Chest indrawing pneumonia(<2 months of age)	Chest indrawing pneumonia(2–59 months of age)	Danger sign pneumonia
Cough and/or difficulty breathing and	Cough and/or difficulty breathing and	Cough and/or difficulty breathing and	Cough and/or difficulty breathing and
Fast breathing for age1 and	Lower chest indrawingor	Lower chest indrawing and	At least one danger sign2
No lower chest indrawing and no danger signs2	Fast breathing for age1 and	No danger signs2	May or may not have fast breathing for age1 or
	No danger signs2	May or may not have fast breathing for age1	Lower chest indrawing

¹≥60 breaths/minute if <2 months old, ≥50 breaths/minute 2–11 months old; ≥40 breaths/minute if 12–59 months old

²Danger signs include: central cyanosis; severe respiratory distress (grunting, head nodding, severe chest indrawing), stridor in a calm child, a general danger sign (inability to drink and/or breastfeed, lethargy or unconscious, convulsions), apnea (if 0–2 months of age)