Table 1. Patients’ characteristics within the retrospective and prospective cohorts.
| retrospective (n = 394) | prospective (n = 168) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| no PH (n = 200) | PH (n = 194) | p-value | no PH (n = 79) | PH (n = 89) | p-value | ||
| age (yr) | 59.0 ± 14.4 | 64.5 ± 13.1 | < .001 | 58.5 ± 13.3 | 64.6 ± 13.3 | .003 | |
| Height (cm) | 166.0 ± 7.5 | 167.3 ± 8.8 | .116 | 168.5 ± 8.6 | 166.1 ± 12.8 | .179 | |
| Weight (kg) | 72.4 ± 15.0 | 75.1 ±16.7 | .106 | 75.0 ± 14.6 | 79.3 ± 24.8 | .180 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.3 ± 5.1 | 26.8 ±5.7 | .349 | 26.4 ± 4.4 | 29.6 ± 14.8 | .058 | |
| mean PAP (mmHg) | 17 (8–24) | 38 (25–91) | < .001 | 16 (9–24) | 40 (25–81) | < .001 | |
| PAWP (mmHg) | 7.8 ± 3.2 | 10.5 ± 5.4 | < .001 | 7.9 ± 3.3 | 11.9 ± 5.9 | < .001 | |
| PVR (WU) | 1.70 (0.59–4.43) | 6.12 (1.40–25.25) | < .001 | 1.61 (0.27–4.51) | 5.86 (1.70–23.72) | < .001 | |
| RAP (mmHg) | 4.7 ± 3.1 | 7.8 ± 5.2 | < .001 | 5.0 (0.0–18.0) | 8.0 (2.0–23.0) | < .001 | |
| WHO functional class | I | 27 (13.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | < .001 | 11 (13.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | < .001 |
| II | 112 (56.0%) | 58 (29.9%) | 61 (77.2%) | 27 (30.3%) | |||
| III | 59 (29.5%) | 123 (63.4%) | 7 (8.9%) | 57 (64.0%) | |||
| IV | 2 (1.0%) | 12 (6.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (5.6%) | |||
| Sex | female | 153(76.5%) | 114 (58.8%) | < .001 | 55 (69.6%) | 53 (59.6%) | .193 |
| male | 47(23.5%) | 80(41.2%) | 24 (30.4%) | 36 (40.4%) | |||
| Collagen vascular disease | Yes | 87 (43.5%) | 13 (6.7%) | < .001 | 36 (45.6%) | 8 (9.0%) | < .001 |
| No | 113 (56.5%) | 181 (93.3%) | 43 (54.4%) | 81 (91.0%) | |||
| PH-Group | PAH | 53 (27.3%) | 28 (31.5%) | ||||
| PH due to left heart disease | 34 (17.5%) | 13 (14.6%) | |||||
| PH due to lung disease | 52 (26.8%) | 21 (23.6%) | |||||
| CTEPH | 38 (19.6%) | 16 (18.0%) | |||||
| PH with unclear / multifactorial mechanisms | 17 (8.8%) | 11 (12.4%) | |||||
| art SO2 (%) | 95.7 ± 2.0 | 93.1 ± 3.1 | < .001 | 96.1 ± 1.9 | 91.0 ± 6.4 | < .001 | |
| art pO2 (%predicted) | 73.9 ± 10.6 | 63.8 ± 10.2 | < .001 | 74.1 ± 10.7 | 62.9 ±9.7 | < .001 | |
| art pCO2 (% predicted) | 36.2 ± 4.5 | 36.9 ± 7.4 | .270 | 35.8 ± 4.0 | 37.2 ± 10.1 | < .001 | |
| NT-proBNP (pg/ml) | 188 (11–6038) | 1248 (32–35000) | < .001 | 146 (16–2259) | 1348 (41–35000) | < .001 | |
| 6MWT (m) | 410.9 ± 105.1 | 314.2 ± 128.2 | < .001 | 449.8 ± 82.4 | 319.0 ± 123.5 | < .001 | |
| R/S in I | 0.06 (0.01–9.00) | 0.80 (0.02–19.00) | < .001 | 0.06 (0.02–2.67) | 0.73 (0.02–9.00) | < .001 | |
| FEV1 (%predicted) | 84.8 ± 20.2 | 69.0 ± 22.3 | < .001 | 90.9 ± 17.9 | 72.7 ± 23.1 | < .001 | |
| FVC (%predicted) | 86.2 ± 18.5 | 73.7 ± 19.4 | < .001 | 98.7 ± 19.3 | 81.4 ± 23.5 | < .001 | |
| DLCOcVA (%predicted) | 84.6 ± 17.1 | 77.8 ± 26.0 | .024 | 84.7 ± 18.5 | 73.7 ± 22.7 | .001 | |
| DLCOcSB (%predicted) | 77.1 ± 19.0 | 66.3 ± 23.2 | < .001 | 79.3 ± 22.2 | 61.4 ± 19.1 | < .001 | |
| HR (min-1) | 72.4 ± 12.4 | 77.4 ± 15.0 | < .001 | 70.1 ± 9.6 | 75.6 ± 17.2 | .011 | |
| Uric acid (mg/dl) | 5.7 ± 2.6 | 7.1 ± 2.4 | < .001 | 5.4 ± 1.9 | 7.9 ± 5.6 | < .001 | |
| Borg dyspnea scale at the end of 6MWT | 2 (0–9) | 4 (0–10) | < .001 | 2 (0–7) | 3 (0–10) | < .001 | |
Data are presented as means and standard deviation or median and interquartile range for continuous data and absolute and relative frequency for categorical data, respectively. BMI: body mass index, PAP: pulmonary arterial pressure, PAWP: pulmonary artery wedge pressure, PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance, RAP: right atrial pressure, PH: pulmonary hypertension, PAH: pulmonary arterial hypertension, CTEPH: chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, art SO2: arterial oxygen saturation, NT-proBNP: N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide, 6MWD: six minute walk distance, FEV1: forced expiratory volume in the first second, FVC: forced vital capacity, DLCOcVA: diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide corrected for alveolar volume, DLCOcSB: single breath diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide, HR: heart rate, 6MWT: six minute walk test