Table 4. The percent change in heart rate, blood pressure, and lung function for an interquartile range increase in air pollutant concentration stratified by happy v. other among children aged 6 to 17 years old who participated in the Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2007–2009 a.
| Physiologic Outcome | Degree of Happiness | NO2 (IQR = 11.48) | O3 (IQR = 17.38) | PM2.5 (IQR = 3.96) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heart Rate (bpm) | Happy | 0.16 (-0.74, 1.05) | 0.16 (-0.74, 1.05) | 0.04 (-0.47, 0.54) |
| Other | 1.15 (-1.29, 3.59) | 3.1 (0.42, 5.65) b * | 0.48 (-1.04, 1.99) | |
| Systolic Pressure (mmHg) | Happy | 0.55 (-0.1, 1.2) | 0.55 (-0.1, 1.2) | 0.03 (-0.35, 0.4) |
| Other | 0.68 (-1.14, 2.5) | 2.6 (0.72, 4.48)* | 0.50 (-0.65, 1.65) | |
| Diastolic Pressure (mmHg) | Happy | 0.44 (-0.18, 1.05) | 0.44 (-0.18, 1.05) | 0.99 (0.33, 1.65) |
| Other | 0.64 (-0.75, 2.03) | 0.64 (-0.75, 2.03) | 0.54 (-0.35, 1.43) | |
| FEVl (%) | Happy | -0.66 (-1.77, 0.45) | -0.66 (-1.77, 0.45) | -0.42 (-1.05, 0.21) |
| Other | -0.98 (-3.8, 1.84) | -0.98 (-3.8, 1.84) | -1.68 (-2.15, -0.21) | |
| FVC (%) | Happy | -0.23 (-1.32, 0.87) | -0.23 (-1.32, 0.87) | -0.51 (-1.13, 0.12) |
| Other | -1.1 (-3.98, 1.77) | -1.1 (-3.98, 1.77) | -0.57 (-2.6, 1.46) | |
| FEVl /FVC (%) | Happy | -0.36 (-1, 0.28) | -0.36 (-1.00, 0.28) | 0.06 (-0.31, 0.42) |
| Other | -0.45 (-2.4, 1.51) | -2.15 (-3.62, -0.68)* | -0.3 (-1.63, 1.02) |
a Results are adjusted for age, gender, education, income, active and passive smoking (active, passive) and alcohol use
b Bold font indicates the 95% confidence intervals exclude zero.
*Interaction term is significant at p ≤ 0.05 between those are happy vs. other.