Table 4. Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) for ≥10% 10-Year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, according to the Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio.
| Optimal (≤5.0 mg/g, reference) | Intermediate normal (5.1–9.9 mg/g) | High normal (10.0–29.9 mg/g) | Microalbuminuria (30.0–299.9 mg/g) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.829 (1.123–2.980)a | 2.281 (1.398–3.724)a | 4.224 (2.288–7.800)a |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.768 (1.075–2.908)a | 2.103 (1.285–3.443)a | 3.825 (1.987–7.366)a |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 1.669 (1.027–2.713)a | 2.050 (1.270–3.309)a | 3.449 (1.682–7.075)a |
| Model 4 | 1.00 | 1.654 (0.997–2.743) | 2.134 (1.323–3.444)a | 3.389 (1.642–6.994)a |
| Model 5 | 1.00 | 1.390 (0.798–2.424) | 1.853 (1.122–3.060)a | 2.831 (1.327–6.037)a |
Model 1: adjusted for lifestyle behaviors (alcohol drinking and regular exercise) and sociodemographic factors (residential area, family income, and education); Model 2: model 1 plus known cardiovascular risk factors (diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol); Model 3: model 2 plus reproductive factors (age at menarche, age at menopause, oral contraceptive use, and lactation); Model 4: model 3 plus estimated glomerular filtration rate; Model 5: model 4 plus hypertension history.
aP<0.05.