Table 2.
Reported ELS Exposure between Depressed and Nondepressed Participants
| Reported trauma | Depressed (n=64) | Control (n=65) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Emotional Trauma | 37.5 % (n=24) | 7.7 % (n=5) | < 0.0001 |
| Physical abuse | 18.7 % (n=12) | 3.0 % (n=2) | 0.0045 |
| Sexual abuse | 28.1 % (n=18) | 4.6 % (n=3) | 0.0003 |
| Domestic violence | 9.4 % (n=6) | 6.1 % (n=4) | 0.5305 |
| Severe family conflict | 39.1 % (n=25) | 12.3 % (n=8) | 0.0006 |
| Neglect | 15.6 % (n=10) | 1.5 % (n=1) | 0.0043 |
| Divorce | 21.9 % (n=14) | 13.9 % (n=9) | 0.2581 |
| Separated | 18.8 % (n=12) | 12.3 % (n=8) | 0.3407 |
| Death in family | 39.1 % (n=25) | 44.6 % (n=29) | 0.5227 |
| Major illness in family | 28.1 % (n=18) | 13.9 % (n=9) | 0.0536 |
| Fire destroyed home | 3.1 % (n=2) | 1.5 % (n=1) | 0.6191 |
| War | 3.1 % (n=2) | 3.1 % (n=2) | 1.0000 |
| Natural disaster | 1.6 % (n=1) | 3.1 % (n=2) | 1.0000 |
| Major personal illness | 6.3 % (n=4) | 7.7 % (n=5) | 1.0000 |
| Hospitalization/surgery | 21.9 % (n=14) | 18.5 % (n=12) | 0.6290 |
| Bullied | 37.5 % (n=24) | 13.9 % (n=9) | 0.0025 |
| Premature birth | 10.9 % (n=7) | 3.1 % (n=2) | 0.0958 |
| Adoption | 1.6 % (n=1) | 1.5 % (n=1) | 1.0000 |
| Other events | 9.4 % (n=6) | 6.2 % (n=4) | 0.5305 |
Percentile (number) of subjects exposed to each trauma type. Due to small cell sizes, ELSs were compared using Fisher's exact test except chi-square tests were used for death in family (x2 = 0.41, 1df) and hospitalization/surgery (x2=0.23, 1df).