Table A.1.
Studies testing the MAT core tenets.
| Study | Sample | N | Age %F | Study Design | Outcome Measure | Monitoring Outcomes | Monitoring + Acceptance Interactions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tenet 1a: Do self-reported monitoring skills relate to cognitive functioning outcomes in affectively neutral contexts? | |||||||
| Anicha et al., 2012 (Study 1) | student | 71 | a 49% | correlational | Perceptual accuracy (working memory load) | FFMQ Observe -> greater perceptual accuracy | Not reported |
| Anicha et al., 2012 (Study 2) | student | 56 | a 59% | correlational | Perceptual accuracy (no working memory) | FFMQ Observe -> greater perceptual accuracy | Not reported |
| Baas et al., 2014 (Study 2) | student | 225 | 20 64% |
correlational | Creative ideation; creative achievements; creative behavior | FFMQ Observe -> higher self-reported creative achievements and behavior, and creative ideation | Not reported |
| Baas et al., 2014 (Study 3) | student | 74 | 24 77% |
RCT: Pre- post 8-week Observe training vs. waitlist control | Creative behavior | increases in FFMQ Observe -> increased self-reported creative behavior | Not reported |
| Moore & Malinowski, 2009 | meditators and non-meditators | 50 | 28 52% |
correlational | d-2 concentration test | KIMS Observe -> higher d-2 test performance | Not reported |
| Tenet 1b: Do self-reported monitoring skills heighten affective reactivity without acceptance? | |||||||
| Adams et al., 2012 | student smokers | 112 | 20 100 % |
correlational | EAT-26; BULIT-R; BSQ | FFMQ Observe -> higher anorexic symptoms | Not reported |
| Anicha et al., 2012 (Study 3) | student | 155 | a 61% | correlational | Stroop task | FFMQ Observe unrelated to Stroop performance | Not reported |
| Barbaro & Pickett, 2016 (Study 1) | student | 360 | 20 68% |
correlational | CNS, PEB | FFMQ Observe -> greater nature connectedness and pro-environmental behavior | Not reported |
| Barbaro & Pickett, 2016 (Study 2) | MTurk | 296 | 38 60% |
correlational | CNS, PEB | FFMQ Observe -> greater nature connectedness and pro-environmental behavior | Not reported |
| Brown et al., 2015 | student | 944 | a 64% | correlational | PSS, PSWQ, CESD-R, B-YAACQ | FFMQ Observe -> higher perceived stress | Not reported |
| Chopko & Schwartz, 2009 | police officers (trauma exposure) | 183 | 38 8% |
correlational | PTGI | KIMS Observe -> greater posttraumatic growth | Not reported |
| Christopher & Gilbert, 2010 | student | 365 | 22 71% |
correlational | CESD, CCI, SWLS, RSES | KIMS Observe -> high self-esteem and satisfaction with life | Not reported |
| Compare et al., 2013 | binge eating disorder; non-bingeing obese; normal weight | 450 | 50 65% |
correlational | BES, EDE-Q, BUT | FFMQ Observe -> less body uneasiness | Not reported |
| Consedine & Butler, 2014 | adults across lifespan | 121 | 47 67% |
correlational | health conditions, healthcare utilization, WPSI, HADS | FFMQ Observe -> poorer subjective health, more physical and mental healthcare visits | Not reported |
| Desrosiers et al., 2013 | mood & anxiety disorder | 187 | 38 65% |
correlational | MASQ | FFMQ Observe -> higher anxious arousal | Not reported |
| Hamill et al., 2015 | student | 467 | 21 77% |
correlational | DASS, BIS, BAS | FFMQ Observe -> higher anxiety, stress, BIS sensitivity, and BAS reward responsiveness and fun seeking | Not reported |
| Moore & Malinowski, 2009 | meditators and non-meditators | 50 | 28 52% |
correlational | Stroop task | KIMS Observe -> fewer Stroop errors; unrelated to Stroop reaction time | Not reported |
| Reese et al., 2015 | student | 242 | 19 62% |
correlational | BIS, BAS, DERS | FFMQ Observe -> lower BAS reward responsiveness | Not reported |
| Schrovers & Brandsma, 2010 | adults (53% with history of depression /anxiety) | 64 | 43 72% |
pre-post MBCT | PANAS | increases in KIMS Observe -> higher positive affect | Not reported |
| Teper & Inzlicht, 2013 | meditators and non-meditators | 38 | 35 71% |
correlational | ERN during Stroop task | PHLMS Awareness unrelated to Stroop performance | Not reported |
| Tenet 2b: Do self-reported monitoring and acceptance skills drive reductions in affective reactivity and stress? | |||||||
| Barnes & Lynn, 2010 | student | 145 | 19 69% |
correlational | BDI | High FFMQ Observe + Low FFMQ Nonreactivity -> higher depressive symptoms | High FFMQ Observe + High FFMQ Nonreactivity -> lower depressive symptoms |
| Desrosiers et al., 2014 | mood and anxiety disorder | 189 | 38 65% |
correlational | PSWQ, RRS, ERQ, MASQ | FFMQ Observe -> lower rumination and worry, and higher reappraisal; High FFMQ Observe + Low FFMQ Nonreactivity -> higher depression symptoms, rumination, and worry, and lower reappraisal | High FFMQ Observe + High FFMQ Nonreactivity -> lower rumination and worry, and higher reappraisal; rumination and reappraisal mediated relationship between High FFMQ Observe + High FFMQ Nonreactivity on lower depression symptoms; rumination and worry mediated relationship between High FFMQ Observe + High FFMQ Nonreactivity on lower anxiety symptoms |
| Eisenlohr-Moul et al., 2012 | student (substance use) | 296 | 19 55% |
correlational | Alcohol and tobacco use | High FFMQ Observe + Low FFMQ Nonreactivity -> heavy alcohol use | High FFMQ Observe + High FFMQ Nonreactivity -> less tobacco and alcohol use, and fewer periods of heavy alcohol use |
| Pearson et al., 2015 | student | 941 | 21 64% |
correlational | CESD-R, PSWQ, ALS, DTS | High FFMQ Observe + Low FFMQ Nonjudgment -> higher depressive and anxiety symptoms, affective lability, and distress intolerance | High FFMQ Observe + High FFMQ Nonjudgment -> lower depressive and anxiety symptoms, affective lability, and distress intolerance |
| Tenet 2c: Do self-reported monitoring and acceptance skills drive improvements in stress-related health outcomes? | |||||||
| Tomfohr et al., 2015 | healthy adults | 130 | 22 56% |
correlational | Circulating IL-6; Blood Pressure | FFMQ Observe -> lower IL-6 levels; High FFMQ Observe + Low FFMQ Nonreactivity unrelated to IL-6 levels | High FFMQ Observe + High FFMQ Nonreactivity -> lower IL-6 levels |
age unreported. %F % female; ALS Affective Lability Scale; B-YAACQ Brief-Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire; BAS Behavioral Activation System; BDI Beck Depression Inventory; BES Binge Eating Scale; BIS Behavioral Inhibition System; BSQ Body Shape Questionnaire; BULIT-R Bulimia Test-Revised; BUT Body Uneasiness Test; CCI Crandell Cognitions Inventory; CESD Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression; CESD-R Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression-Revised; CNS Connectedness to Nature Scale; DASS Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales; DERS Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale; DTS Distress Tolerance Scale; EAT-26 Eating Attitudes Test-26; EDE-Q Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire; ERN Error-Related Negativity; ERQ Emotion Regulation Questionnaire; FFMQ Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire; HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; IL-6 Interleukin-6; KIMS Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills; MASQ Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire; MBCT Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy; PANAS Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; PEB Pro-Environmental Behavior; PHLMS Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale; PSS Perceived Stress Scale; PSWQ Penn State Worry Questionnaire; PTGI Posttraumatic Growth Inventory; RCT Randomized Controlled Trial; RSES Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; RRS Ruminative Response Scale; SWLS Satisfaction With Life Scale; WPSI Wahler Physical Symptom Inventory.