Table 3.
Cortical Volume (mm3) and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Outcomes in Clinical Groups
| Left | Right | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ROI | mTBI | mTBI/PTSD | p | mTBI | mTBI/PTSD | p |
| Cortical Volumes | ||||||
| Anterior cingulate cortex | 685.3 (151.2) | 710.9 (141.9) | .984 | 768.3 (155) | 749.4 (169.5) | .356 |
| Middle frontal cortex | 2411.8 (304.4) | 2389.9 (336.1) | .094 | 2135.5 (347.9) | 2257.3 (529.8) | .655 |
| Lateral orbitofrontal cortex | 2647 (307.3) | 2847.8 (353.9) | .977 | 2488 (306.1) | 2695.1 (308.7) | .575 |
| Medial orbitofrontal cortex | 1830.7 (261.5) | 1870.6 (348.2) | .159 | 1895.1 (253.8) | 1983.4 (255.8) | .293 |
| Entorhinal cortex | 403.3 (76) | 432.3 (93.1) | .684 | 339.2 (62) | 406.6 (91) | .046* |
| Middle temporal cortex | 3160.7 (396.3) | 3316.5 (577) | .511 | 3514.4 (430.1) | 3649.8 (457.2) | .596 |
| Parahippocampal cortex | 729.6 (103) | 752.9 (112.9) | .154 | 707.8 (102.6) | 732.7 (115.9) | .627 |
| Subcortical Volumes | ||||||
| Hippocampus | 4231.7 (663.1) | 4595.3 (622.4) | .993 | 4285.6 (574.1) | 4683.7 (698.9) | .816 |
| amygdala | 1593.2 (273.7) | 1776.8 (404.4) | .888 | 1652.4 (309.9) | 1820.3 (308.6) | .985 |
| Diffusion tensor imaging | ||||||
| Uncinate fasciculus1 | .1711 (.02128) | .1752 (.02831) | .807 | .1570(.02729) | .1453 (.02180) | .184 |
| Uncinate fasciculus2 | .0010 (.00012) | .0009 (.00010) | .527 | .0010 (.00019) | .0009 (.00010) | .661 |
| Uncinate fasciculus3 | .0012 (.00014) | .0012 (.00008) | .435 | .0012 (.00020) | .0011 (.00010) | .789 |
| Cingulum1 | .1795 (.02310) | .2067 (.05694) | .277 | .2588 (.03267) | .2761 (.03105) | .698 |
| Cingulum2 | .0010 (.00015) | .0009 (.00007) | .942 | .000900 (.00013) | .000865 (.00011) | .085 |
| Cingulum3 | .0012 (.00014) | .0012 (.00006) | .855 | .001224 (.00012) | .00122 (.00009) | .020* |
| Inferior longitudinal fasciculus1 | .1929 (.02016) | .1991 (.02449) | .719 | .1862 (.01997) | .2002 (.01926) | .269 |
| Inferior longitudinal fasciculus2 | .0009 (.00012) | .0008 (.00005) | .602 | .0009 (.00012) | .0008 (.00005) | .594 |
| Inferior longitudinal fasciculus3 | .0011 (.00012) | .0011 (.00003) | .702 | .0011 (.00012) | .0011 (.00004) | .914 |
| Superior longitudinal fasciculus1 | .2027 (.03115) | .2223 (.02156) | .260 | .2179 (.02692) | .2257 (.03133) | .862 |
| Superior longitudinal fasciculus2 | .0008 (.00012) | .0008 (.00005) | 1.00 | .0009 (.00013) | .0008 (.00008) | .692 |
| Superior longitudinal fasciculus3 | .0011 (.00012) | .0011 (.00004) | .332 | .0011 (.00012) | .0011 (.00005) | .673 |
*
p < 0.05
1
Fractional anisotropy.
2
Radial diffusivity.
3
Axial diffusivity.
Data are controlled for age and intracranial volume (for brain volumes). Cortical volume and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data are presented as mean (standard deviation).
ROI, region on interest; mTBI, mild traumatic brain injury; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.