FIG. 3.
tBHQ decreased the production of ROS induced by LPS and ATP. THP-Ms were stimulated by tBHQ with different doses for the indicated time, and the intracellular level of total ROS was measured by flow cytometry (A, B). Cells pretreated with different concentrations of tBHQ were stimulated by LPS and ATP; then, ROS were measured (C, D). Nrf2 siRNA and Nrf2 plasmid-transfected THP-Ms were stimulated by LPS and ATP at the indicated time and dose; then, the intracellular level of total ROS was measured by flow cytometry (E, F). WT BMDMs and Nrf2−/− BMDMs were stimulated by tBHQ, and the intracellular level of total ROS was measured by flow cytometry (G–I). The results are representative of three independent experiments and are expressed as the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared with the control, #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 compared with LPS + ATP. N.S means no significant difference. BMDM, bone marrow-derived macrophage; ROS, reactive oxygen species. To see this illustration in color, the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertpub.com/ars