Figure 5.

Genes and biological pathways that were involved in regulation of anthocyanin accumulation promoted by hematin. Outermost box represents the cell wall. Bilayer oval shape represents the plastid. The red-brown ring and network represent the nuclear and endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. The red crescent represents the vacuole. The box in the nucleus represents transcription factors (TFs). Yellow MYB, green WD40, and red bHLH represent a ternary transcription factor complex which transcribes anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. The circled numbers represent biological pathways involved in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation promoted by hematin. ① represents the phytochrome regulation pathway. ② represents the starch and sucrose pathway. ③, ④, ⑤, and ⑥ represent phytohormones ABA, JA, Auxin, and CTK regulation pathways, respectively. ⑦ represents the Ca²⁺ regulation pathway. Pfr represents the far-red phytochrome. PIF3 represents phytochrome-interacting factor. Each anthocyanin biosynthesis regulatory pathway related gene is in Table 5.