Table 1.
List of included studies
| Study Author, y | Outcome Reported | AKI Definition | Setting | Subjects (AKI) | CHF (%) | IHD (%) | Stroke (%) | CKD (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blair, 201120 | MACE | Absolute increase in SCr≥0.3mg/dl | Other | 2021 (279) | 2021 (100) | 1425 (71) | NA | 553 (27) |
| Chawla, 201421 | MACE | AKIN Criteria: Peak SCr during admission at least 1.5–1.9 times higher than baseline or an increase of ≥0.3 mg/dl (stage 1); an increase of at least 2.0–2.9 times baseline (stage 2); or an increase of ≥3.0 times baseline or ≥4.0 mg/dl (stage 3) | Other | 28554 (9633) | 2829 (10) | 28554 (100) | 653 (2) | NA |
| Choi, 201029 | CHF | AKIN Criteria: AKIN 1 – an SCr increase of ≥0.3 mg/dl, or a relative increase of 150%–200%; AKIN 2 – a relative increase of 200%–300%; AKIN 3 – a relative increase >300%, or in individuals with an SCr of ≥4.0 mg/dl, an SCr increase of 0.5 mg/dl from the baseline | Other | 17325 (3060) | 358 (2) | 1186 (7) | NA | 1281 (7) |
| Damman, 200926 | CHF | Absolute increase in SCr>26.5 mmol/L (>0.3 mg/dl) in combination with >25% increase in SCr between two time points | Other | 869 (106) | 869 (100) | 364 (42) | 80 (9) | NA |
| Damman, 201427 | CHF | Absolute increase in SCr of ≥26.5 mmol/L (≥0.3 mg/dl), together with a relative increase in SCr of ≥25% between baseline and 8 wk | Other | 3595 (229) | 3595 (100) | 884 (25) | 321 (9) | NA |
| Gammelager, 201425 | Stroke, IHD, CHF | KDIGO Criteria: Stage 1 – 1.5–1.9 times increase versus baseline or ≥0.3 mg/dl increase within 48 h; Stage 2 – 2.0–2.9 times baseline; ≥3.0 times baseline or increase in SCr to ≥4.0 mg/dl or initiation of renal replacement therapy | Peri-Operative or ICU | 21556 (4792) | 0 | 2620 (12) | 0 | 1903 (9) |
| Giacoppo, 201533 | IHD | Absolute increase of SCr≥0.5 mg/dl or relative increase ≥25% from baseline value within the first 72 h of intervention | CIN | 9512 (1212) | NA | 9512 (100) | 376 (4) | 1702 (18) |
| Goldberg, 200930 | IHD, CHF | Transient mild AKI - In this group, peak SCr during hospital course was ≥0.3–0.49 mg/dl higher than admission SCr, but pre-discharge SCr returned to a level that was <0.3mg/dl higher than admission creatinine; persistent mild AKI– where SCr did not return to <0.3 mg/dl; transient moderate/severe AKI - peak SCr≥0.5mg/dl higher than admission creatinine, but pre-discharge returned <0.5 mg/dl higher than admission SCr; moderate/severe AKI– where SCr did not return to <0.5 mg/dl | CIN | 1957 (294) | 368 (19) | 1957 (100) | NA | 338 (17) |
| Hansen, 201522 | MACE | AKIN Criteria: Stage 1 – Increase in SCr of ≥0.3 mg/dl (26.5 µmol/L) within 48 h OR increase in SCr of 1.5–1.9 times baseline; Stage 2 – Increase in SCr of 2.0–2.9 times baseline; Stage 3 – Increase in SCr of 3.0 times baseline OR increase in SCr to ≥4.0 mg/dl (353.6 µmol/L) and satisfaction of at least stage 1 OR initiation of renal replacement therapy | Peri-Operative or ICU | 4742 (1457) | 717 (15) | 2651 (56) | 282 6) | 823 (17) |
| Holzmann, 201336 | Stroke | Postoperative SCr that was the highest value during the entire postoperative period. Absolute increases in SCr: stage 1, 0.3–0.5 mg/dl (26–44 μmol/L); stage 2, 0.5–1 mg/dl (44–88 μmol/L); and stage 3, ≥1 mg/dl (≥88 μmol/L) | Peri-Operative or ICU | 23584 (2764) | 943 (4) | 23584 (100) | 0 | 4481 (19) |
| James, 201128 | Stroke, IHD, CHF | AKIN Criteria: AKI stage 1, ≥0.3 mg/dl absolute or 1.5- to 2.0-fold relative increase in SCr; AKI stage 2, >2- to 3-fold increase in SCr; AKI stage 3, >3-fold increase in SCr or SCr≥4.0 mg/dl with an acute rise of >0.5 mg/dl | CIN | 14782 (1420) | 2253 (15) | 10617 (72) | 1096 (7) | 3543 (24) |
| Jose, 200614 | CVD Mortality, IHD, CHF | Increase in SCr>0.3 mg/dl from baseline | Other | 1854 (223) | 108 (6) | 1854 (100) | NA | 610 (33) |
| Kim, 201418 | CVD Mortality, IHD | SCr ≥25% or ≥0.5 mg/dl from baseline within 72 h after contrast exposure | CIN | 297 (55) | NA | 297 (100) | 31 (10) | 297 (100) |
| Lindsay, 200335 | IHD | An increase in the SCr of ≥50% from baseline after the intervention | CIN | 5967 (208) | NA | 5967 (100) | 539 (9) | 0 |
| Metra, 200823 | MACE | A ≥0.3 mg/dl and a≥25% increase in SCr from admission | Other | 318 (107) | 318 (100) | 173 (54) | 22 (7) | NA |
| Mielniczuk, 200913 | CVD Mortality, Stroke, IHD, CHF | RIFLE Criteria: Decrease in eGFR of ≥25% compared with baseline | Other | 3795 (184) | 182 (5) | 3795 (100) | 223 (6) | NA |
| Narula, 201419 | CVD Mortality | Increase in SCr of ≥0.5 mg/dl or a 25% relative rise in creatinine, within 48 h after contrast exposure | CIN | 676 (338) | 75 (11) | 676 (100) | NA | 138 (20) |
| Olsson, 201331 | CHF | Increase in postoperative SCr values: stage 1 – 0.3 to <0.5 mg/dl (26 to <44 μmol/L); stage 2 – 0.5 to <1 mg/dl (44 to <88 μmol/L); and stage 3 - ≥1 mg/dl (≥88 μmol/L) | Peri-Operative or ICU | 24018 (2779) | 0 | 24018 (100) | 1153 (5) | NA |
| Ozrazgat-Baslanti, 201616 | CVD Mortality | KDIGO Criteria: ≥50% or 0.3 mg/dl increase in SCr relative to the reference value and stratified AKI severity based on the maximum change in SCr during hospitalization | Peri-Operative or ICU | 45498 (16854) | 2915 (6) | 2727 (6) | 3731 (8) | 0 |
| Ryden, 201434 | IHD | Postoperative increase in SCr: stage 1 – 0.3–0.5 mg/dl (26–44 μmol/L); stage 2 – >0.5–1 mg/dl (44–88 μmol/L); stage 3 – ≥1.0 mg/dl (≥88 μmol/L) | Peri-Operative or ICU | 27929 (3617) | 1117 (4) | 27929 (100) | 1396 (5) | 5586 (20) |
| Shirakabe, 201212 | CHF | RIFLE Criteria: Class R – increase in SCr ≥ 1.5×baseline; Class I – increase in SCr ≥ 2.0×baseline; Class F – increase in SCr ≥ 3.0×baseline or ≥ 4 mg/dl with an acute rise >0.5 mg/dl | Other | 500 (344) | 500 (100) | 201 (40) | NA | NA |
| Tsai, 201532 | IHD | ICD-9 Code | Peri-Operative or ICU | 2849 (86) | 275 (10) | 281 (10) | 2698 (95) | 164 (6) |
| Uyarel, 200917 | CVD Mortality | An increase in SCr level ≥ 0.5 mg/dl or ≥ 25% from baseline (admission) within 72 h of radiocontrast administration | CIN | 2521 (630) | 154 (6) | 2521 (100) | NA | NA |
| Watabe, 201424 | MACE | A ≥0.5 mg/dl and/or ≥25% absolute increase in SCr from baseline | CIN | 1059 (164) | 151 (14) | 1059 (100) | 90 (8) | 1059 (100) |
| Wu, 201437 | Stroke | RIFLE Criteria: AKI was defined according to the RIFLE criteria | Other | 8630 (4315) | 1011 (12) | 1305 (15) | 0 | 1029 (12) |
MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events; SCr, serum creatinine; NA, not applicable; ICU, intensive care unit; CIN, contract induced nephropathy; CVD, cardiovascular disease.