Table 2.

Hazard ratios (95% CI) for risk of ESRD according to dietary protein intakes (n=60,198)

Protein (% kcal/d)	Quartiles of Energy-Adjusted Protein Intake				P for Trenda
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
Total protein
Cases	185	255	252	259
Person-years	233,198	231,836	233,469	234,143
Multivariate model 1	1.00	1.40 (1.16–1.70)	1.43 (1.18–1.74)	1.55 (1.28–1.87)	<0.001
Multivariate model 2	1.00	1.28 (1.05–1.55)	1.25 (1.03–1.52)	1.19 (0.98–1.44)	0.16
Total protein	Q1	Q2 to Q4 combined
Cases	185	766
Person-years	233,198	699,448
Multivariate model 1	1.00	1.46 (1.24–1.72)
Multivariate model 2	1.00	1.24 (1.05–1.46)

Hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) presented for each quartile of protein intake (energy-adjusted) for all multivariate models. Multivariate model 1: adjusted for age, gender, dialect, educational level, and year of interview. Multivariate model 2: model 1 plus body mass index, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol use, baseline history of diabetes, baseline history of hypertension, baseline history of stroke, baseline history of heart attack, and total energy intake.

^aLinear trend was tested by assigning to participants the median value of the quartile and assessing this as a continuous variable.