Influence of the S. aureus ω subunit on survival during nutrient-limiting conditions. (A) Alignment of select RNAP subunits from E. coli, B. subtilis, and S. aureus, showing conservation and divergence of amino acids sequences for RpoC (β′) and RpoZ (ω). For E. coli, the conserved β′ (arrows) and ω (boxed) regions important for ppGpp binding are shown. (B to D) S. aureus growth under standard conditions (TSB) (B), in amino acid-limiting medium (CDM) (C), and in CDM completely depleted of valine and leucine (D). Error bars show the standard error of the mean (SEM).