Table 1.

Summary statistics of investigated concentrations of 57 regulated mycotoxins and mycotoxins with guidance levels, masked and emerging metabolites in 3 matrices (1113 samples from 46 countries). Abbreviations: <LOD—below limit of detection (replaced with zero for the median calculation), n—number of samples above threshold t, %—percentage of samples above threshold t. Indented compound concentrations were summed up as part of a group (group name in italics). A threshold (t) of relevant concentrations was established to be >1.0 $\mathsf{\mu }$g·kg${}^{-1}$ or >LOD, whichever was higher. For sums of compound concentrations, the highest LOD within a group was employed as t.

Metabolite (Group)	Median	75th	95th	Maximum	n > t	% > t
	Concentration	Percentile	Percentile	Concentration
	($\mathsf{\mu }$g·kg${}^{-\mathbf{1}}$)	($\mathsf{\mu }$g·kg${}^{-\mathbf{1}}$)	($\mathsf{\mu }$g·kg${}^{-\mathbf{1}}$)	($\mathsf{\mu }$g·kg${}^{-\mathbf{1}}$)
Regulated toxins and toxins with guidance levels
AFLA, t > 1.5 μg·kg${}^{-1}$
Aflatoxin B1	<LOD	<LOD	1.4	1077	49	4.9
Aflatoxin B2	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	112	14	1.4
Aflatoxin G1	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	95	19	1.9
Aflatoxin G2	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	12	8	0.80
ZEN, t > 1 $\mathsf{\mu }$g·kg${}^{-1}$	20	77	596	11,192	884	88
DON, t > 1.5 $\mathsf{\mu }$g·kg${}^{-1}$	193	546	2278	13,488	799	79
T-2 and HT-2 toxins, t > 10 μg·kg${}^{-1}$
T-2 toxin	< LOD	3	22	852	105	10
HT-2 toxin	< LOD	0.0	51	2328	189	19
FUM, t > 4.0 μg·kg${}^{-1}$
Fumonisin B1	42	248	1842	31,784	678	67
Fumonisin B2	14	84	696	12,968	580	58
Fumonisin B3	< LOD	34	284	3345	400	40
Fumonisin B4	< LOD	10	192	4341	284	28
Fumonisin B6	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD	30	1	0.10
OTA, t > 1.5 $\mathsf{\mu }$g·kg${}^{-1}$	< LOD	< LOD	1.0	67	45	4.5
Masked toxins
DON-3-glucoside, t > 1 $\mathsf{\mu }$g·kg${}^{-1}$	12	44	424	3159	701	70
ZEN-14-sulfate, t > 2 $\mathsf{\mu }$g·kg${}^{-1}$	1.3	17	132	4318	471	47
Emerging toxins
BEA, t > 1.0 $\mathsf{\mu }$g·kg${}^{-1}$	8.5	25	114	1610	831	83
MON, t > 2.0 $\mathsf{\mu }$g·kg${}^{-1}$	16	61	236	1367	793	79
Ergot alkaloids, t > 1.5 μg·kg${}^{-1}$
Agroclavine	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	108	37	3.7
Chanoclavine	<LOD	0.053	0.76	21	19	1.9
Dihydrolysergol	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	5.2	2	0.20
Elymoclavine	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.24	0	0
Ergine	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.40	0	0
Ergocornine	<LOD	<LOD	1.9	48	56	6
Ergocorninine	<LOD	<LOD	1.8	21	57	5.7
Ergocristine	<LOD	<LOD	13	449	114	11
Ergocristinine	<LOD	<LOD	4.3	118	84	8.3
Ergocryptine	<LOD	<LOD	7.9	65	101	10
Ergocryptinine	<LOD	<LOD	2.0	20	66	6.6
Ergometrine	<LOD	<LOD	12	405	145	14
Ergometrinine	<LOD	<LOD	1.2	53	41	4.1
Ergosine	<LOD	<LOD	6.5	560	102	10
Ergosinine	<LOD	<LOD	1.4	102	49	4.9
Ergotamine	<LOD	<LOD	8.8	334	89	8.8
Ergotaminine	<LOD	<LOD	1.1	65	48	4.8
Festuclavine	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	22	7	0.70
Enniatins, t > 1.0 μg·kg${}^{-1}$
Enniatin A	0.22	1.5	8.1	92	319	32
Enniatin A1	2.0	10	57	481	596	59
Enniatin B	5.9	29	137	1514	711	71
Enniatin B1	5.4	29	145	1846	693	69
Enniatin B2	<LOD	0.90	4.3	98	233	23
Enniatin B3	<LOD	0.010	0.070	138	30	3.0
Aflatoxin precursors, t > 4.0 μg·kg${}^{-1}$
Norsolorinic acid	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	24	3	0.30
Averufin	<LOD	<LOD	2.2	139	30	3.0
Averufanin	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	13	2	0.20
Versicolorin A	<LOD	<LOD	0.12	15	3	0.30
Versicolorin C	<LOD	<LOD	6.1	906	55	5.5
Averantin	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	9.1	2	0.20
Sterigmatocystin	<LOD	<LOD	1.9	6296	23	2.3
Trichothecenes
Type A trichothecenes, t > 15 μg·kg${}^{-1}$
(incl. T-2, HT-2 toxins)
Diacetoxyscirpenol	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	41	2	0.20
15-Monoacetoxyscirpenol	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	94	7	0.70
Neosolaniol	<LOD	<LOD	2.2	125	35	3.5
T2-Tetraol	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	290	13	1.3
T2-Triol	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	93	1	0.10
Type B trichothecenes, t > 15 μg·kg${}^{-1}$
(incl. DON, DON-3-glucoside)
15-Acetyldeoxynivalenol	<LOD	<LOD	178	2177	128	13
3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol	<LOD	<LOD	24	527	71	7.1
Nivalenol	4.7	18	127	11,232	286	28