Table 4.
Summary of co-occurrence and correlation data for investigated samples. For each matrix (finished feed, FF; maize, M; maize silage, MSI) and toxin group (regulated, masked, emerging) the percentage of samples with 3 or more (2 for masked compounds) co-occurring toxins is provided. Correlation between 2 specific species with Pearson coefficients of correlation > 0.5 is listed in the last column. empty cell – not calculated, because of too small subset. (H)T-2 – Sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins.
| Region/Toxins | Co-Occurrence | M (%) | MSI (%) | Correlation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FF (%) | Compounds (Matrix, ) | |||
| Africa | ||||
| Regulated | 100 | AFLA & AFLA precursors (FF, 0.93) | ||
| ZEN & Enniatins (FF, 0.54) | ||||
| DON & DON-3-glucoside (FF, 0.51) | ||||
| Masked | 92 | |||
| Emerging | 100 | |||
| South Africa | ||||
| Regulated | 90 | 59 | AFLA & AFLA precursors (M, 0.69) | |
| AFLA & BEA (M, 0.77) | ||||
| DON & DON-3-glucoside (M, 0.76) | ||||
| ZEN & ZEN-14-sulfate (M, 0.65) | ||||
| Masked | 50 | 28 | ||
| Emerging | 90 | 36 | ||
| Central Europe | ||||
| Regulated | 73 | 56 | 54 | DON & DON-3-glucoside (FF, 0.57) |
| DON & DON-3-glucoside (M, 0.80) | ||||
| ZEN & ZEN-14-sulfate (M, 0.56) | ||||
| DON & DON-3-glucoside (MSI, 0.77) | ||||
| ZEN & ZEN-14-sulfate (MSI, 0.79) | ||||
| Masked | 57 | 72 | 44 | |
| Emerging | 93 | 83 | 83 | |
| Eastern Europe | ||||
| Regulated | 74 | (H)T-2 & DON-3-glucoside (FF, 0.50) | ||
| DON & DON-3-glucoside (FF, 0.81) | ||||
| ZEN & ZEN-14-sulfate (FF, 0.76) | ||||
| (H)T-2 & BEA (FF, 0.57) | ||||
| Masked | 22 | |||
| Emerging | 91 | |||
| Northern Europe | ||||
| Regulated | 45 | DON & DON-3-glucoside (FF, 0.58) | ||
| ZEN & ZEN-14-sulfate (FF, 0.65) | ||||
| Masked | 47 | |||
| Emerging | 82 | |||
| Southern Europe | ||||
| Regulated | 89 | DON & DON-3-glucoside (FF, 0.63) | ||
| Masked | 73 | |||
| Emerging | 96 | |||
| Middle East | ||||
| Regulated | 93 | DON & DON-3-glucoside (FF, 0.50) | ||
| FUM & MON (FF, 0.51) | ||||
| Masked | 91 | |||
| Emerging | 95 | |||
| North America | ||||
| Regulated | 88 | 63 | DON & DON-3-glucoside (FF, 0.50) | |
| ZEN & ZEN-14-sulfate (FF, 0.81) | ||||
| Masked | 52 | 40 | ||
| Emerging | 100 | 77 | ||
| South America | ||||
| Regulated | 54 | AFLA & AFLA precursors (M, 0.98) | ||
| DON & DON-3-glucoside (M, 0.76) | ||||
| ZEN & ZEN-14-sulfate (M, 0.93) | ||||
| DON & MON (M, 0.56) | ||||
| ZEN & MON (M, 0.64) | ||||
| Masked | 21 | |||
| Emerging | 71 |