Table 1.
Ethano-medicinal properties of bryophytes.
| Botanical name | Family | Uses | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liverworts | |||
| Riccardia Gray. sp. | Aneuraceae | Used for anti-leukemic activity | 17, 18 |
| Plagiochasma appendiculatum Lehm. & Lindenb. | Aytoniaceae | Used in skin diseases (the fine paste of the thoroughly washed thalli is applied externally on affected area) | 17, 19 |
| Reboulia hemisphaerica (L.) Radd | Aytoniaceae | Used for blotches, hemostasis, external wounds, and bruises | 9 |
| Conocephalum conicum (L.) Underw. | Conocephalaceae | Used as antimicrobial, antifungal, antipyretic, antidotal activity; used to treat cuts, swollen tissue, scalds, burns, fractures, poisonous snake bites, and gallstones | 17, 20 |
| Herbertus Gray. sp. | Herbertaceae | Used as antiseptics, antidiarrheal agents, expectorants and astringents | 17, 18 |
| Frullania tamarisci (L.) Dumort. | Jubulaceae | Used for antiseptic activity | 9 |
| Frullania ericoides (Nees ex Mart.) Mont. | Jubulaceae | Used to get rid from head lice (Pediculus humanus) and nourishment of hair | 16 |
| Marchantia polymorpha L. | Marchantiaceae | The thallus Paste applied externally on inflammation, used as diuretics, for liver ailments, insect bites, used to cure cuts, fractures, poisonous snake bites, | 18, 19, 21 |
| Marchantia convoluta Gao et K.C. Zhang | Marchantiaceae | Used for treatment of hepatitis, fever and gastric intolerance | 22 |
| Marchantia palmata Nees | Marchantiaceae | Fleshy leaf paste is directly applied during acute inflammation caused by the touch of fire and hot | 23 |
| Marchantia paleacea Bertol. | Marchantiaceae | Used in skin tumefaction, hepatitis and as antipyretic | 24 |
| Dumortiera hirsuta (Sw.) Nees | Marchantiaceae | Used as source for antibiotics | 18 |
| Pallavicinia Gray. sp. | Pallaviciniaceae | Used as antimicrobial agent | 18 |
| Plagiochila (Dum.) Dum. sp. | Plagiochilaceae | Used for anti-leukemic activity/anti-microbial activity and used as perfumes or as perfume components | 17, 9 |
| Plagiochila beddomei Steph. | Plagiochilaceae | Used for wound healing | 25 |
| Riccia L. sp. | Ricciaceae | The thallus is washed and ground to paste and mixed with jiggery and given to the children affected by the ringworms. | 19 |
| Targionia hypophylla L. | Targioniaceae | Used with leaves of (Actiniopteris radiata) ground in to a paste and mixed with two tablespoons of coconut oil and smeared over the body of the children affected by scabies, itches and other skin diseases | 16 |
| Mosses | |||
| Cratoneuron filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce | Amblystegiaceae | Used to treat heart disease | 9, 11 |
| Leptodictyum riparium (Hedw.) Warnst. | Amblystegiaceae | Used as antipyritic and in uropathy | 11 |
| Philonotis fontana (Hedw.) Brid. | Bartramiaceae | Used to relieve pain of burn and heal burns, adenopharyngitis, antipyretic | 9, 11, 26 |
| Philonotis Bridel sp. | Bartramiaceae | Used to heal burns, for adenopharyngitis, as antipyretic and antidote | 9 |
| Plagiopus oederi (Brid.) Limpr. | Bartramiaceae | Used as sedative, epilepsy | 11 |
| Bryum argenteum Hedw. | Bryaceae | Used as antidote, antipyretic, antifungal | 9 |
| Rhodobryum giganteum (Schwagr.) Paris | Bryaceae | Used to treat cardiovascular problem and nervous prostration, to cure angina, anti-hypoxia, diuretic, antipyretic, and antihypertensive | 9, 11, 27 |
| Rhodobryum roseum (Hedw.) Limpr. | Bryaceae | Used to treat nervous prostration and cardiovascular diseases sedative | 9, 11, 28 |
| Leucobryum bowringii Mitt. | Dicranaceae | During body pain, paste of leaf tips mixed in a cup of Phoenix sylvestris | 25 |
| Oreas martiana (Hoppe and Hornsch.) Brid. | Dicranaceae | Used for anodyne (pain), hemostasis, external wounds, epilepsy, menorrhagia, and neurasthenia (nervosism, nervous exhaustion) | 9 |
| Ditrichum pallidum (Hedw.) Hampe | Ditrichaceae | Used for convulsions, particularly in infants | 9, 11 |
| Entodon flavescens (Hook.) A. Jaeger | Entodontaceae | Used during earache, leaf juice is used as ear drops, during cold, leaf juice is administered daily twice | 25 |
| Fissidens nobilis Griff.= (Fissidens japonicus Dozy and Molk.) | Fissidentaceae | Used for growth of hairs and diuretic activity | 11, 18 |
| Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. | Funariaceae | Used for hemostasis, pulmonary tuberculosis, bruises, skin infection | 11 |
| Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw. | Fontinalaceae | Used in chest fever | 29 |
| Taxiphyllum taxirameum (Mitt.) M. Fleisch. | Hypnaceae | Used for external wounds, hemostasis | 9, 11 |
| Aerobryum lanosum (Mitt.) Mitt. | Meteoriaceae | Used during burns, decoction of whole plant boiled in goat urine is applied externally | 25 |
| Mnium cuspidatum Hedw. | Mniaceae | Used for hemostasis, nose bleeding | 9, 11 |
| Mnium Hedw. sp. | Mniaceae | Poultice to reduce pain of burns, bruises and wounds | 18 |
| Plagiomnium T. Kop. sp. | Mniaceae | Used for infections and swellings | 18 |
| Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. | Octoblepharaceae | Used as febrifuge and anodyne | 30 |
| Dawsonia superba Grev. | Polytrichaceae | Used as diuretics, hair growth stimulation and for treating cold | 18 |
| Polytrichum commune Hedw. | Polytrichaceae | Used for hemostasis, wound healer, antipyretic, antidotal activity, dissolve kidney and gall bladder stones, to speed up labor process during child birth | 11, 19, 20, 31, 32 |
| Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw. | Polytrichaceae | Used to treat prostate, uninary difficulties and skin ailments | 8, 31 |
| Pogonatum macrophyllum Dozy & Molk. | Polytrichaceae | Used to reduce inflammation and fever, also used as detergent diuretic, laxative and hemostatic agent | 17, 18 |
| Barbula unguiculata Hedw. | Pottiaceae | Used to treat fever and body aches | 18 |
| Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng. | Pottiaceae | Used during menstrual pain and intermittent fever | 25 |
| Hyophila attenuata Broth. | Pottiaceae | Used during cold, cough and neck pain, leaf decoction is administered with a pinch of pepper powder daily | 25 |
| Weisia viridula (L.) Hedw. | Pottiaceae | Used to treat cold and fever | 9, 11 |
| Sphagnum sericeum Mull. Hal. | Sphagnaceae | Used to dressing wounds, with anti-microbial properties for skin ailments (insects bites, scabies, acne), haemorrhoids and to treat eye diseases | 18 |
| Sphagnum teres (Schimp.) Angstrom | Sphagnaceae | Used to treat eye diseases | 8, 20 |
| Haplocladium microphyllum (Hedw.) Broth. = (Haplocladium capillatum (Mitt.) Broth.) | Thuidiaceae | Used to treat cystisis, bronchitis, tonsillitis pneumonia and fever | 11, 20 |
| Hornworts | |||
| Ceratophyllum demersum L. | Ceratophyllaceae | Used as purgative, astringent, constipating and antipyratic | 33 |