Table 3.

Group differences of anxiety variable according to State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).

Groups	Pretest		Posttest		p-Valueb
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
WL
State anxiety	37.00	±9.65	37.56	±9.33	0.197
Trait anxiety	27.83	±8.78	27.94	±8.43	0.706
EG1
State anxiety	37.06	±9.31	27.22	±5.00	0.000**
p-Valuea	0.962		0.000**
Trait anxiety	27.56	±7.80	19.50	±3.52	0.000**
p-Valuea	0.787		0.001**
EG2
State anxiety	37.83	±9.92	28.17	±6.89	0.001**
p-Valuea	0.751		0.001**
Trait anxiety	28.56	±8.82	20.22	±5.56	0.001**
p-Valuea	0.703		0.003**
EG3
State anxiety	37.94	±8.32	30.28	±7.41	0.000**
p-Valuea	0.861		0.017*
Trait anxiety	29.06	±7.44	22.28	±6.34	0.000**
p-Valuea	0.656		0.034*
EG4
State anxiety	37.56	±9.28	23.78	±7.81	0.000**
p-Valuea	0.812		0.000**
Trait anxiety	29.33	±9.35	16.06	±5.49	0.000**
p-Valuea	0.600		0.000**
EG5
State anxiety	37.67	±9.60	25.67	±7.97	0.000**
p-Valuea	0.911		0.000**
Trait anxiety	28.83	±9.57	18.17	±6.01	0.000**
p-Valuea	0.691		0.001**

*p < 0.05, **p<0.005.

^ap-Value is calculated by Mann–Whitney U test between groups.

^bp-Value is calculated by Wilcoxon test between study phases.