Table 1.
Phytochemical constituents of various parts of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight and Arn.
| Part used | Major chemical constituents | References |
|---|---|---|
| Stem bark | Triterpenoids | |
| Arjunin | Row et al24 | |
| Arjunic acid | ||
| Arjungenin | Honda et al25 Singh et al26, 27 |
|
| Terminic acid | Anjaneyulu and Prasad28 | |
| Terminoltin | Singh et al29 | |
| Arjunolic acid | Singh et al26, 27 | |
| Ursane triterpenoids | ||
| 2α,3β-dihydroyurs-12,18-oic acid 28-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester 2α,3β,23-trihydroxyurs-12,18-dien-28-oic acid 28-O-β-glucopyranosyl ester Qudranoside VIII Kajiichigoside F1 2α,3β,23-trihydroxyurs-23-trihydroxyurs-12,19-dien-28-oic acid 28-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester |
Wang et al30 | |
| Glycosides | ||
| Arjunetin | Row et al24, 31 Singh et al26, 27 |
|
| Arjunoside I, II | Honda et al25, 32 | |
| Arjunolone | Sharma et al33 | |
| Arjunolitin | Tripathi et al34 | |
| Arjunaphthanoloside | Ali et al35, 36 | |
| Arjunglucoside IV and V, Arjunasides A-E | Wang et al34, 37 | |
| Olean-3β, 22β-diol-12-en-28 β-D-glucopyranosie-oic acid | Patnaik et al38 | |
| Terminarjunoside I and II | Alam et al39 | |
| Terminoside A | Ahmad et al40 | |
| Termionic acid | ||
| Flavonoids and phenolics | ||
| Arjunone | Sharma et al33 | |
| Luteolin | Pettit et al41 | |
| Baicalein | Anonymous42 | |
| Ethyl gallate | ||
| Gallic acid | ||
| Kempferol | ||
| Oligomeric proanthocyanidins | ||
| Pelargonidin | ||
| Quercetin | ||
| (+)-catechin, (+)-gallocatechin and (−)-epigallocatechin | Saha and Pawar43 | |
| Gallic acid, ellagic acid and its derivatives such as 3-O-methyl-ellagic acid 4-O-β-d-xylopyranoside, 3-O-methyl ellagic acid 3-O-rhamnoside | ||
| 3-O-methyl ellagic acid 4′-O-α-l-rhamnophranoside (−)-epicatechin |
Wang et al30 | |
| Tannins | ||
| Pyrocatechols | Takahashi et al44 | |
| Punicallin | Lin et al45 | |
| Castalagin | Kuo et al46 | |
| Casuariin | ||
| Casuarinin | ||
| Punicalagin | ||
| Terchebulin | ||
| Terflavin C | ||
| Minerals and trace elements | ||
| Calcium, magnesium, aluminum, zinc, copper, silica | Dwivedi and Udupa47 | |
| Other compounds | ||
| β-Sitosterol | Anjaneyulu and Prasad28 | |
| Roots | Triterpenoids | |
| Arjunoside I-IV | Anjaneyulu and Prasad48, 49 | |
| Arjunolic acid | Anjaneyulu and Prasad28 | |
| Oleanolic acid | ||
| Terminic acid | ||
| 2α,19α-Dihydroxy-3Oxo-Olean-12-En28-Olic acid 28-O-β-d-glucopyranoside | Choubey and Srivastava50 | |
| Arjunic acid | Singh et al26, 27 | |
| Glycosides | ||
| Arjunetosie (3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-2α, 3β, 19α-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-d-glucopyranoside) | Upadhyay et al51 | |
| Fruits | Triterpenoids and flavonoids | |
| Arjunic acid, Arjunone, Arachidic stearate, Cerasidin, Ellagic acid, Fridelin, Gallic acid, Hentriacontane, Methyl oleaolate, Myristyl oleate, β-Sitisterol | Rastogi and Mehrotra52 | |
| Leaves and seeds | Flavonoids and glycosides | |
| Luteolin, 14,16-dianhydrogitoxigenin 3-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 > 2)-O-β-d-galactopyranoside | Pettit et al41 Yadava and Rathore53 |