Table 1.
Control approaches and methods used in the study.
| Control approaches | Control method | Tested material | Rate used/remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical | Fumigant | Dazomet | 50 g/m2 |
| Non-fumigant | Fenamiphos | Soil treatment @ 9.6 kg a.i./ha | |
| Seed dressing @ 2.0% a.i. (w:w) | |||
| Seed-dip @ 2.0% a.i. (w:v) | |||
| Biological | Parasitic fungus | Paecilomyces lilacinus | 0.7% of culture on grains |
| Mycorrhiza | Glomus sp. | 1 × 103 spore/kg soil | |
| Physical | Soil solarization | For 8 weeks (June–July) | |
| Cultural | Organic fertilizer | Chicken litter | 2.0% (w:w dry base) |
| Inorganic fertilizer | Urea (46-0-0) | 600 kg/ha | |
| Check | M. incognita (6.7 egg/g soil) | ||
| Non-infected and non-treated seedlings |