Table 2. Association of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors with prevalence of overweight, general and abdominal obesity in Spanish adults.
Logistic regression analysis.
| Overweight | Obesity | Abdominal obesity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25≥BMI<30 kg/m2 | BMI≥30 kg/m2 | WHtR≥0.5 | ||||
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Male | 1.80 (1.44–2.24) | 0.000 | 1.83 (1.41–2.38) | 0.000 | 1.65 (1.36–2.02) | 0.000 |
| Age | ||||||
| 18–40 y | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 41–65 y | 2.30 (1.84–2.87) | 0.000 | 3.89 (2.95–5.11) | 0.000 | 4.32 (3.49–5.34) | 0.000 |
| Region | ||||||
| South | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Central | 0.90 (0.66–1.22) | 0.485 | 1.06 (0.72–1.55) | 0.766 | 1.01 (0.76–1.34) | 0.944 |
| Atlantic | 0.87 (0.62–1.22) | 0.419 | 0.87 (0.57–1.33) | 0.511 | 0.75 (0.55–1.02) | 0.067 |
| Mediterranean | 0.87 (0.66–1.16) | 0.343 | 1.30 (0.93–1.83) | 0.130 | 0.86 (0.67–1.12) | 0.266 |
| Habitats size a | ||||||
| Rural | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Semi-urban | 0.94 (0.73–1.22) | 0.659 | 1.38 (1.00–1.90) | 0.051 | 0.91 (0.72–1.15) | 0.423 |
| City/town | 0.75 (0.58–0.98) | 0.037 | 1.13 (0.81–1.56) | 0.466 | 0.87 (0.68–1.10) | 0.241 |
| Level of education | ||||||
| Primary or less | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Secondary | 0.60 (0.46–0.79) | 0.000 | 0.43 (0.32–0.59) | 0.000 | 0.42 (0.33–0.54) | 0.000 |
| University | 0.43 (0.32–0.59) | 0.000 | 0.29 (0.20–0.43) | 0.000 | 0.33 (0.25–0.45) | 0.000 |
| Family income | ||||||
| 0–1000 € | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 1001–2000 € | 0.78 (0.57–1.06) | 0.111 | 0.70 (0.49–0.99) | 0.046 | 0.66 (0.49–0.88) | 0.004 |
| ≥2000 € | 0.78 (0.55–1.11) | 0.169 | 0.43 (0.27–0.67) | 0.000 | 0.50 (0.36–0.69) | 0.000 |
| No answer (%) | 0.69 (0.49–0.97) | 0.034 | 0.67 (0.46–0.99) | 0.047 | 0.48 (0.35–0.65) | 0.000 |
| Immigrant population | ||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 0.96 (0.62–1.50) | 0.858 | 0.98 (0.57–1.66) | 0.932 | 1.09 (0.73–1.63) | 0.667 |
| Rate of unemployment | ||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 1.20 (0.92–1.57) | 0.185 | 1.48 (1.09–2.02) | 0.013 | 1.59 (1.24–2.05) | 0.000 |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Non smoker | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Smoker | 0.99 (0.79–1.24) | 0.943 | 0.84 (0.64–1.11) | 0.215 | 1.01 (0.82–1.24) | 0.913 |
| Vigorous physical activity | ||||||
| <75 min/wk | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 75–149 min/wk | 0.66 (0.43–1.00) | 0.050 | 0.29 (0.15–0.55) | 0.000 | 0.54 (0.37–0.79) | 0.002 |
| 150–299 min/wk | 0.73 (0.52–1.04) | 0.081 | 0.42 (0.26–0.67) | 0.000 | 0.59 (0.43–0.80) | 0.001 |
| ≥300 min/wk | 0.90 (0.68–1.18) | 0.433 | 0.37 (0.25–0.55) | 0.000 | 0.59 (0.46–0.76) | 0.000 |
| Moderate-vigorous physical activity | ||||||
| <150 min/wk | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 150–300 min/wk | 0.69 (0.48–1.01) | 0.058 | 0.64 (0.42–0.97) | 0.036 | 0.63 (0.45–0.87) | 0.006 |
| ≥300 min/wk | 0.94 (0.73–1.23) | 0.670 | 0.56 (0.42–0.76) | 0.000 | 0.74 (0.58–0.93) | 0.011 |
| Time watching TV | ||||||
| Never or almost never | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Low frequency | 0.90 (0.47–1.69) | 0.734 | 1.12 (0.39–3.22) | 0.830 | 1.12 (0.62–2.04) | 0.700 |
| Frequently | 1.14 (0.62–2.10) | 0.677 | 2.01 (0.74–5.46) | 0.170 | 1.50 (0.84–2.65) | 0.168 |
| Quite often | 1.32 (0.73–2.38) | 0.352 | 3.29 (1.25–8.65) | 0.016 | 1.93 (1.11–3.34) | 0.020 |
| Very often | 1.52 (0.83–2.78) | 0.173 | 4.15 (1.56–10.99) | 0.004 | 2.22 (1.26–3.89) | 0.006 |
| Sleep time | ||||||
| <7 h/day | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 7–8 h/day | 0.81 (0.59–1.12) | 0.202 | 0.56 (0.38–0.80) | 0.002 | 0.53 (0.39–0.72) | 0.000 |
| ≥8 h/day | 0.69 (0.51–0.93) | 0.016 | 0.49 (0.35–0.69) | 0.000 | 0.45 (0.34–0.60) | 0.000 |
BMI: Body mass index, WHtR: Waist to height ratio; OR: crude odds ratio. The reference category for overweight and obesity is BMI <25 kg/m2, and for abdominal obesity is WHtR <0.5.
a Habitat size: rural populations: 2,000–30,000; semi-urban: 30,000–200,000; urban population: over 200,000 inhabitants.