Table 1. Facility-based maternal mortality ratios (deaths/100 000 live births) over ten years at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, South Africa, by HIV status.
| Var. cat | Variable | 2003–2004 | 2005–2009 | 2010–2012 | P+ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV services | HIV prevalence& % (n/N) | 39.4 (2751/6978) | 34.9 (9283/26,636) | 31.5 (7411/23,546) | <0.001 |
| Testing coverage % (n/N) | 46.7 (6978/14935) | 72.0 26,636/36,978) | 82.7 (23,546/28,463) | <0.001 | |
| MMR for key causes of death (n deaths; N births) | All causes of direct obstetric deaths | 127.2 (19; 14,935) | 167.7 (62; 36,978) | 147.6 (42; 28,463) | 1.0 |
| Hypertension | 73.7 (11;14,935) | 48.7 (18; 36,978) | 52.7 (15; 28,463) | 0.64 | |
| Obstetric hemorrhage | 26.8 (4; 14,935) | 35.2 (13; 36,978) | 31.6 (9; 28,463) | 0.96 | |
| Pregnancy-related sepsis | 26.8 (4; 14,935) | 56.8 (21; 36,978) | 42.2 (12; 28,463) | 0.99 | |
| All causes of indirect obstetric deaths | 133.9 (20; 14,935) | 146.0 (54; 36,978) | 84.3 (24; 28,463) | 0.04 | |
| Non pregnancy-related infection | 100.4 (15; 14,935) | 105.5 (39; 36,978) | 52.7 (15; 28,463) | 0.03 | |
| Tuberculosis | 53.6 (8; 14,935) | 40.6 (15; 36,978) | 7.0 (2; 28,463) | 0.003 | |
| MMR in sub-groups and overall (n deaths; N births) | HIV-positive women | 836.1 (23; 2751) | 711.0 (66; 9283) | 431.2 (32; 7411) | 0.008 |
| HIV-negative women | 118.3 (5; 4227) | 167.1 (29; 17,353) | 136.4 (22; 16,136) | 0.89 | |
| Women unknown status | 213.6 (17; 7957) | 251.4 (26; 10,342) | 244.1 (12; 4917) | 0.69 | |
| OVERALL MMR 95%CI | 301.3 (45; 14,935) 219.9–403.0 | 327.2 (121; 36978) 271.6–390.9 | 231.9 (66; 28,463) 179.4–294.9 | 0.10 |
MMR maternal mortality ratio (number of maternal deaths per 100 000 live births).
&Prevalence among those with known HIV status.
+Chi-square test for trend. Non pregnancy related infection includes tuberculosis, pneumonia sepsis, meningitis and encephalitis