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. 2017 Jan 3;127(1):5–13. doi: 10.1172/JCI88876

Figure 1. Changes in immune cell content and function in AT in lean versus obese settings influence IR.

Figure 1

In lean AT, immune cells play a predominant role in maintaining an antiinflammatory environment. For example, Th2 cells produce antiinflammatory cytokines including IL-4 and IL-10, which promote M2 macrophage polarization, and B cells produce IgM, which produces antiinflammatory IgM. During the course of obesity, significant changes in immune cell content and function occur that promote inflammation. Accumulation of M1 macrophages and Th1 cells results in excess production of proinflammatory cytokines including IFN-γ and TNF-α, and B cells undergo a class-switch, producing IgG.