Figure 2. Low-grade systemic inflammation induced by typhoid vaccination enhances neutrophil activation state in healthy male but not female volunteers.

Changes in expression of (A) CD11b, (B) CD162, and (C) CD62L on neutrophils in male and female healthy volunteers at baseline, 8 hours, and 32 hours following typhoid vaccine administration. Changes in expression of (D) CD11b, (E) CD162, and (F) CD62L from baseline in male and female healthy volunteers at 8 hours and 32 hours following typhoid vaccine administration. Data expressed as mean ± SEM of n = 12 male and female volunteers for all the panels. Statistical significance determined using 2-way ANOVA with Šídák’s post hoc analysis; *P < 0.05 for all panels.