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. 2016 Oct 28;5(12):1784–1789. doi: 10.1242/bio.019620

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© 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Fig. 1. — L-α-aminoadipic acid metabolism in F. candida. The saccharopine pathway (blue) consists of a bifunctional lysine-ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase (LKRSDH), L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (AASDH), and kynurenine/2-aminoadipate aminotransferase (AADAT). The pipecolate pathway (red) consists of pipecolic acid oxidase (PIPOX) before it joins the saccharopine pathway. The hydroxylysine pathway (magenta) consists of hydroxylysine kinase (HYKK) and 5-phosphonooxy-L-lysine phospho-lyase (PHYKPL). ‘s’ indicates a spontaneous (non-enzymatic) reaction. L-α-aminoadipic acid (L-AAA) is used in the first step of beta-lactam biosynthesis by δ-(L-α-aminoadipoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthetase (ACVS). Figure produced using KEGG PATHWAY Database (http://www.genome.jp/kegg/pathway.html; Kanehisa et al., 2015).