Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of all participants in this study.

Characteristics	HC (n = 29 females)	Non-NPSLE (n = 29 females)	p value
Age	30.97 ± 9.76	29.50 ± 9.91	0.569
Duration of illness (months)	N.A	39.67 ± 53.80	N.A
SLEDAI	N.A	10.40 ± 6.77	N.A
SLICC	N.A	0.67 ± 0.61	N.A
Anti-SM	N.A	31.00 ± 49.85	N.A
C3(g/l)	N.A	0.58 ± 0.28	N.A
C4(g/l)	N.A	0.11 ± 0.07	N.A
CH50(g/l)	N.A	31.01 ± 20.56	N.A
Current medication treatment
Prednisone	N.A	29 / 29	N.A
Dose of prednisone (mg/day)	N.A	38.83 ± 21.81	N.A
Cyclophosphamide	N.A	19 / 29	N.A
Azathioprine	N.A	10 / 29	N.A
Methotrexate	N.A	16 / 29	N.A
Hydroxychloroquine	N.A	11 / 29	N.A

HC = healthy control; non-NPSLE = non-neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus; SLICC = Systemic Lupus International Collaborating; SLEDAI = Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index; Serum assay indexes: C3, C4, and CH50. All participants were female and were matched for age. Values were represented as mean ± SD. With regard to the current medication treatment, all the patients were treated with prednisone and the dose of the prednisone were shown. Some patients were also treated with other drugs, such as cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine. Values were represented as (number of patients treated with other drugs)/(the total patient number). All the participants were right-handedness.