Table 1.

Characteristics of malaria transmission in Peruvian endemic regions

Characteristics	Northern Amazon	Southern Amazon	Northern coast
Period of transmission	Perennial transmission with marked seasonality	Seasonal, stochastic	Seasonal transmission
Environmental conditions	Tropical rainforest, heavy rains (November–April)	Tropical rainforest, heavy rains (December–April)	Dry desert area, rainfall (December–March) influenced by ENSO
Other ecological conditions	Deforestation	Deforestation	Rice farming
Vector	Anopheles darlingi, Anopheles benarrochi	An. darlingi, An. benarrochi	Anopheles albimanus
Parasite	Plasmodium vivax (80%), Plasmodium falciparum (20%)	P. vivax	P. vivax (99%), P. falciparum (< 1%)
Risk areas	Rural, peri-urban	Rural	Urban, peri-urban
House characteristics	Open houses without walls or rudimentary walls	Open houses without walls or rudimentary walls	Closed houses with completed walls
Economical activities	Subsistence-scale agriculture, logging, fishing, hunting	Illegal gold mining	Commerce, fishing, agriculture
Accessibility to health services	Limited	Limited	Accessible

ENSO = El Niño Southern Oscillation.