Table 4.
Baseline and post measures across groups: Descriptive data. All values except those for “False belief” and “Long speech interrupt” are expressed as mean ± SD.
| Transportation Safety Group (n = 30) | Dog Safety Group: Compliant (n = 12) | Dog Safety Group: Non-Compliant (n = 22) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Pre-IV | Post-IV | Pre-IV | Post-IV | Pre-IV | Post-IV |
| Dog Knowledge/Behavior | ||||||
| Knowledge quiz (items correct out of 9 total) | 5.5 ± 1.4 | 5.3 ± 1.7 | 6.0 ± 1.7 | 6.5 ± 1.3 | 5.4 ± 1.0 | 5.4 ± 1.8 |
| Dog photos (correct of 8) | 4.6 ± 2.5 | 5.1 ± 2.3 | 5.7 ± 1.7 | 6.7 ± 1.2 | 5.6 ± 2.4 | 5.4 ± 2.6 |
| Dollhouse safe behavior (range 0–7) | 3.0 ± 1.9 | 3.6 ± 2.1 | 2.1 ± 2.0 | 3.0 ± 2.0 | 3.5 ± 1.7 | 3.9 ± 1.8 |
| Live dog risky behavior (average z-score) | NA | 0.1 ± 0.8 | NA | −0.2 ± 0.5 | NA | −0.2 ± 0.6 |
| Perspective Taking Composite | −0.6 ± 2.9 | −0.2 ± 3.0 | 1.1 ± 2.9 | 1.0 ± 1.7 | 0.4 ± 3.3 | 0.6 ± 2.4 |
| Appearance reality (correct of 8) | 6.6 ± 1.3 | 6.4 ± 0.8 | 6.6 ± 1.8 | 6.4 ± 0.9 | 6.5 ± 1.6 | 6.0 ± 1.6 |
| False belief (1/0) | 27/7 | 24/6 | 10/2 | 9/3 | 20/3 | 20/2 |
| TEC Component 1 (correct of 5) | 4.5 ± 0.7 | 4.8 ± 0.6 | 4.9 ± 0.3 | 5.0 ± 0.0 | 4.6 ± 1.0 | 4.7 ± 1.1 |
| TEC Component 2 (correct of 5) | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 3.8 ± 1.2 | 4.3 ± 0.9 | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 4.3 ± 1.1 | 3.9 ± 1.3 |
| TEC Overall score (range = 0–9) | 3.8 ± 2.0 | 4.7 ± 1.9 | 5.7 ± 1.8 | 5.8 ± 1.4 | 4.5 ± 1.9 | 5.2 ± 2.0 |
| Noticing Details Composite | −0.1 ± 3.2 | −0.7 ± 2.8 | 0.5 ± 2.2 | 1.3 ± 2.3 | −0.1 ± 2.7 | 0.5 ± 2.4 |
| TVPS—DIS scaled score | 9.4 ± 3.5 | 9.2 ± 3.4 | 9.3 ± 2.3 | 10.1 ± 3.2 | 8.4 3.6 | 9.8 ± 3.2 |
| TVPS—SPA scaled score | 9.5 ± 4.9 | 10.6 ± 4.2 | 9.4 ± 4.0 | 12.9 ± 3.5 | 9.0 ± 3.6 | 12.0 ± 4.2 |
| TVPS—FGR scaled score | 10.6 ± 4.0 | 10.5 ± 3.1 | 11.5 ± 3.9 | 12.5 ± 2.6 | 11.5 ± 3.3 | 12.0 ± 2.6 |
| Embedded figures (correct of 13) | 5.4 ± 2.8 | 6.3 ± 3.8 | 6.5 ± 2.8 | 8.2 ± 3.0 | 5.6 ± 2.7 | 6.9 ± 3.5 |
| Impulse Control Composite | −0.2 ± 2.9 | −0.5 ± 2.4 | 0.8 ± 2.3 | 0.7 ± 2.2 | −0.1 ± 1.8 | 0.2 ± 3.8 |
| Simon Says (correct of 9) | 5.6 ± 3.0 | 5.5 ± 3.3 | 4.0 ± 2.6 | 3.1 ± 3.5 | 4.2 ± 2.6 | 3.9 ± 3.4 |
| Walk a line (s) | 10.2 ± 11.2 | 10.5 ± 15.9 | 16.1 ± 13.0 | 14.7 ± 9.3 | 8.7 ± 8.4 | 13.9 ± 15.4 |
| Draw a circle (s) | 15.2 ± 18.3 | 13.9 ± 14.5 | 13.5 ± 10.7 | 15.4 ± 11.6 | 13.8 ± 14.9 | 16.0 ± 23.9 |
| Long speech interrupt (1/0) | 5/28 | 5/24 | 1/10 | 4/8 | 2/18 | 2/18 |
| Prize bin (s) | 78.4 ± 73.4 | 71.4 ± 55.0 | 80.7 ± 68.9 | 72.8 ± 46.1 | 60.0 ± 33.5 | 78.7 ± 43.3 |
Broader categories are bolded. IV = intervention; TEC = Test of Emotion Comprehension; TVPS = Test of Visual Perceptual Skills; DIS = discrimination; SPA = spatial relationships; FGR = visual figure ground; NA = Not applicable.