Table 7.
Descriptive data and model results for post-intervention and change.
| Variables | Transportation Safety Group a (n = 30) | Dog Safety Group: Compliant a (n = 12) | Dog Safety Group: Non-Compliant a (n = 22) | Compliant vs. Transportation a | Non-Compliant vs. Transportation a | Compliant vs. Non-Compliant a | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Post | Change | Post | Change | Post | Change | p b, adjusted effect a,b | p b, adjusted effect a,b | p b, adjusted effect a,b | |
| Dog Knowledge and Behavior | |||||||||
| Knowledge quiz | 5.3 ± 1.7 | −0.32 ± 1.81 | 6.5 ± 1.3 | 0.50 ± 1.17 | 5.4 ± 1.8 | 0.00 ± 2.14 | 0.037 | 0.731 | 0.086 |
| (4.6, 5.9) | (−0.99, 0.34) | (5.7, 7.3) | (−0.24, 1.24) | (4.6, 6.2) | (−0.97, 0.97) | 1.05 ± 0.50 (0.06, 2.03) | 0.16 ± 0.47 (−0.76, 1.09) | 1.01 ± 0.58 (−0.12, 2.14) | |
| Dog photos | 5.1 ± 2.3 | 0.33 ± 2.17 | 6.7 ± 1.2 | 1.00 ± 1.76 | 5.4 ± 2.6 | −0.18 ± 2.44 | 0.046 | 0.848 | 0.028 |
| (4.2, 6.0) | (−0.48, 1.14) | (5.9, 7.4) | (−0.12, 2.11) | (4.2, 6.6) | (−1.26, 0.90) | 1.21 ± 0.61 (0.02, 2.40) | −0.11 ± 0.57 (−1.22, 1.00) | 1.44 ± 0.63 (0.20, 2.68) | |
| Dollhouse safe behavior | 3.6 ± 2.1 | 0.54 ± 1.55 | 3.0 ± 2.0 | 0.96 ± 1.59 | 3.9 ± 1.8 | 0.20 ± 1.82 | 0.779 | 0.918 | 0.850 |
| (2.8, 4.3) | (−0.06, 1.13) | (1.8, 4.3) | (−0.05, 1.97) | (3.0, 4.7) | (−0.65, 1.05) | 0.15 ± 0.54 (−0.90, 1.20) | −0.05 ± 0.44 (−0.92, 0.82) | 0.12 ± 0.63 (−1.11, 1.35) | |
| Live dog risky behavior | 0.09 ± 0.76 | NA | −0.20 ± 0.50 | NA | −0.17 ± 0.63 | NA | 0.090 | 0.064 | 0.649 |
| (−0.28, 0.45) | (−0.62, 0.22) | (−0.52, 0.18) | −0.43 ± 0.25 (−0.91, 0.05) | −0.43 ± 0.22 (−0.87, 0.01) | 0.11 ± 0.24 (−0.36, 0.58) | ||||
| Perspective Taking Composite | −0.2 ± 3.0 | 0.36 ± 2.62 | 1.0 ± 1.7 | −0.14 ± 2.24 | 0.6 ± 2.4 | 0.29 ± 2.61 | 0.317 | 0.497 | 0.842 |
| (−1.4, 0.9) | (−0.64, 1.36) | (−0.1, 2.1) | (−1.56, 1.29) | (−0.4, 1.7) | (−0.89, 1.48) | 0.74 ± 0.73 (−0.70, 2.17) | 0.42 ± 0.62 (−0.80, 1.65) | 0.12 ± 0.61 (−1.07, 1.31) | |
| Noticing Details Composite | −0.7 ± 2.8 | −0.28 ± 2.35 | 1.3 ± 2.3 | 1.01 ± 1.80 | 0.5 ± 2.4 | 0.58 ± 2.27 | 0.024 | 0.070 | 0.454 |
| (−1.8, 0.4) | (−1.23, 0.67) | (−0.2, 2.9) | (−0.20, 2.22) | (−0.6, 1.5) | (−0.45, 1.61) | 1.58 ± 0.70 (0.20, 2.96) | 1.03 ± 0.57 (−0.09, 2.16) | 0.50 ± 0.67 (−0.81, 1.81) | |
| Impulse Control Composite | −0.5 ± 2.4 | −0.57 ± 2.01 | 0.7 ± 2.2 | −0.15 ± 2.00 | 0.2 ± 3.8 | 0.24 ± 2.68 | 0.199 | 0.352 | 0.403 |
| (−1.5, 0.5) | (−1.46, 0.32) | (−0.8, 2.3) | (−1.82, 1.52) | (−1.5, 2.0) | (−1.18, 1.67) | 0.83 ± 0.65 (−0.44, 2.09) | 0.66 ± 0.71 (−0.73, 2.04) | −0.89 ± 1.06 (−2.97, 1.18) | |
a Mean ± SD, and 95% CI. b Comparing change after adjusting for age, gender and pre-scores in a GLM analysis, except live dog risky behavior which compares post score adjusting for age and gender. Broader categories are bolded.