FIG 6.

Adhesion force volume maps using Dectin-1-coated cantilevers recorded on wild-type (SC5314), cho1Δ/Δ, kre5Δ/Δ, and caspofungin-treated wild-type cells. (A) The heat map force curves recorded on the surfaces of cells of the wild-type strain show low-frequency adhesion to the surface of the cell. Force curves collected on kre5Δ/Δ, cho1Δ/Δ, and caspofungin-treated cell surfaces indicate higher-frequency adhesion between the cell surface and the tip. Increased adhesion is indicated by the progression from blue and green to orange and red. (B) Corresponding histograms of the force curves between a Dectin-1-functionalized tip and β-(1,3)-glucan on the surface of wild-type, kre5Δ/Δ, cho1Δ/Δ, and caspofungin-treated cells. The histogram data are derived from 4,096 force curves for each of the surfaces tested. In order to show that the interaction of Dectin-1 on the tip is specific for β-(1,3)-glucan on the surface of the mutants (kre5Δ/Δ or cho1Δ/Δ), soluble β-(1,3)-glucan (laminarin) was injected into the medium. This treatment blocks the Dectin-1 bound to the tip and prevents tip adhesion to the cell surface (purple line).