. 2016 Dec 30;15:99. doi: 10.1186/s12904-016-0172-x

Table 1.

Sample description overall and by cohort

Characteristic	Overall (N = 607)		Development Cohort (N = 304)		Validation Cohort (N = 303)		P-Value^a
Characteristic	N	Mean ± SD/%	N	Mean ± SD/%	N	Mean ± SD/%	P-Value^a
Age, years	607	74 ± 13	304	74 ± 12	303	74 ± 13	0.915
Comorbidity Score^b	564	5 ± 2	280	5 ± 2	284	5 ± 2	0.745
Utilization^c
ED Visits	607	2 ± 2	304	2 ± 2	303	2 ± 3	0.963
Inpatient Days	607	5 ± 6	304	4 ± 6	303	5 ± 6	0.926
ICU Days	607	1 ± 3	304	0 ± 3	303	1 ± 4	0.285
Male	306	50%	149	49%	157	52%	0.490
Married or Living with Partner	286	47%	140	46%	146	48%	0.599
Caucasian	576	95%	291	96%	285	94%	0.352
Highest Level of Education							0.232
Non-Graduate, H.S. or GED	189	31%	99	33%	90	30%
Some College to 4-year Graduate	283	47%	148	49%	135	45%
Graduate or Professional School	123	20%	52	17%	71	23%
Unknown	12	2%	5	2%	7	2%
Participant Location at Baseline							0.539
Home	528	87%	269	88%	259	85%
Assisted Living	58	10%	26	9%	32	11%
Nursing Home	21	3%	9	3%	12	4%
Primary Diagnosis							0.485
Heart Failure	426	70%	220	72%	206	68%
Cancer	118	19%	54	18%	64	21%
Dementia	63	10%	30	10%	33	11%

^aChi-square tests were used for categorical variables and two-sample t-tests for continuous variables

^b43 participants were missing a baseline comorbidity score

^cHealth care utilization measures were estimated in the 12 months prior to selection