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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Med Virol. 2016 May 5;88(11):1837–1843. doi: 10.1002/jmv.24559

TABLE I.

The State of the Field Pertaining to Norovirus Cell Tropism

Virus Macrophage (Mφ) infection Dendritic cell(DC) infection B cell infection Enterocyte infection
Evidence for in vitro infection
  Murine norovirus - Multiple cell lines
- Primary cells		 - Primary cells - Multiple cell lines
- Multiple cell lines		 ND
  Human norovirus ND ND ND
Evidence for in vivo infection
  Murine norovirus - Viral antigen in mice - Viral antigen in mice

- Reduced virus titers in DC-
  depleted mice		 - Viral antigen in mice

- Reduced virus titers in B cell-deficient
  mice		 - Viral antigen in IFN-
  deficient mice
  Human norovirus - Viral antigen in:
(i) Human intestinal
  biopsy
(ii) Intestinal lamina
  propria of calves
(iii) Spleen and liver of
  mice		 - Viral antigen in duodenum
  of chimpanzees		 - Viral antigen in duodenum of
  chimpanzees
- Reduced titers of shed virus in B cell-
  deficient  SCID patients		 - Viral antigen in
  gnotobiotic pigs
- Viral antigen in
  gnotobiotic calves
Evidence for persistent infection
  Murine norovirus N/A N/A Persistence in B cell lines N/A
  Human norovirus N/A N/A ND N/A

ND, not detected, but has been examined; N/A, no examination has been reported.

References for information outlined in the table are included in the corresponding text.