Table 4.
Examples of proteomics studies for Sz and AD, in recent years, employing different brain regions, a wide range of sample handling techniques and mass spectrometry instruments.
| Brain Region | Sample handling techniques |
Mass Spectrometry |
% Sequence coverage range for differential expressed proteins |
Modifications Identified |
Orthogonal Validation |
Differential expression of ECM-related proteins observed? |
References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schizophrenia (Sz) | |||||||
| Corpus Callosum (CC) | Shotgun proteomics (Label-free) | LTQ-Orbitrap XL | No information | None | None | Yes (VCAN, HAPLN2) | Saia-Cereda et al., 2015 [78] |
| Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex | 2DE | QSTAR XL | 14-78% | None | None | No | Sivagnanasundaram et al., 2007 [85] |
| Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex | 2DE | MALDI-TOF/TOF | No information | None | Western blotting | No | Martins-de-Souza et al., 2009 [80] |
| Mediodorsal Thalamus | 2DE, iTRAQ-IEF | MALDI-TOF/TOF | No | None | Western blotting | Yes (LGALS1, VIM) | Martins-de-Souza et al., 2010 [81] |
| Prefrontal Cortex | 2D-DIGE | QTOF/TOF | 2-56% | None | Metabolomics, genomics | No | Prabakaran et al., 2004 [79] |
| Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex | 2D-DIGE | LTQ | 1-55% | None | ELISA | Yes (LGALS1, VIM) | English et al., 2009 [82] |
| Hippocampus | 2D-DIGE | Q-TOF | No information | None | Western blotting and ELISA | No | Focking et al., 2011 [83] |
| Hippocampus | 2D-DIGE | Q-TOF | No information | None | None | No | Schubert et al., 2015 [84] |
| Alzheimer's disease (AD) | |||||||
| Whole Brain | Shotgun proteomics (AMT tag approach) | LTQ Orbitrap | No information | None | Western blotting | No | Andreev et al., 2012 [136] |
| Frontal Cortex | Resolution shotgun proteomics (Label-free) | Orbitrap | Yesa | None | IHC, Western blotting | None | Gozal et al., 2009 [141] |
| Frontal Cortex | Resolution shotgun proteomics (Label-free) | LTQ Orbitrap | 8-68% | None | Immunoblotting | Yes (VCAN, TNR) | Donovan et al., 2012 [135] |
| Hippocampus | Laser capture microdissection (LCM), In-gel shotgun proteomics (Label-free) | LTQ Orbitrap | Yesa | None | IHC | Yes (VCAN, TNC, LGALS1, LAMB2) | Hondius et al., 2016 [134] |
| Frontal Cortex | 2D-DIGE | MALDI-TOF | 8-59% | None | None | No | Muller et al., 2008 [168] |
| Entorhinal Cortex | 1DE, 2DE | MALDI-TOF | No | Increased ubiquitination | IHC, Western blotting | No | Riederer et al., 2009 [169] |
| Inferior Parietal Lobule | 2DE | MALDI-TOF | 39-56% (for glutathionylated proteins) | Increased S-glutathionylation | None | No | Newman et al., 2007 [170] |
a
Percent not included, peptide sequence information provided