| Age (mean) |
56.5 |
53.8 |
54.25 |
53.3 |
69.3 |
0.605 |
| Sex (Male:Female) |
126:72 |
82:20 |
16:4 |
8:2 |
4:2 |
0.032 |
| Pitt bacteremia score (mean) |
1.98 |
1.12 |
0.80 |
2.60 |
4.67 |
< 0.001 |
| Charlson weighted comorbidity index (mean) |
4.39 |
4.02 |
6.40 |
5.00 |
2.00 |
< 0.001 |
| Hospital stay (day, mean) |
35.90 |
19.45 |
8.60 |
12.20 |
39.67 |
0.004 |
| Hospital-acquired bacteremia |
44 (22.2%) |
42 (41.2%) |
2 (10.0%) |
2 (20.0%) |
4 (66.7%) |
< 0.001 |
| Mortality |
34 (17.2%) |
12 (11.8%) |
0 (0%) |
2 (20.0%) |
2 (33.3%) |
0.140 |
| Source of infection |
|
|
|
|
|
< 0.001 |
| Hepatobiliary infections |
90 (45.5%) |
62 (60.8%) |
10 (50.0%) |
6 (60.0%) |
2 (33.3%) |
0.116 |
| Peritonitis |
50 (25.3%) |
8 (7.8%) |
2 (10.0%) |
2 (20.0%) |
0 (0%) |
0.003 |
| Primary bacteremia |
30 (15.2%) |
22 (21.6%) |
8 (40.0%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0.017 |
| Pneumonia |
12 (6.1%) |
4 (3.9%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
4 (66.7%) |
< 0.001 |
| Skin and soft-tissue infections |
12 (6.1%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
2 (20.0%) |
0 (0%) |
0.009 |
| Underlying diseases |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diabetes mellitus |
42 (21.2%) |
30 (29.4%) |
8 (40.0%) |
4 (40.0%) |
2 (33.3%) |
0.182 |
| Hepatic cirrhosis |
78 (39.4%) |
32 (31.4%) |
14 (70.0%) |
8 (80.0%) |
0 (0%) |
< 0.001 |
| Solid organ malignancy |
68 (34.3%) |
52 (51.0%) |
18 (90.0%) |
4 (40.0%) |
0 (0%) |
< 0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular attack |
4 (2.0%) |
2 (1.96%) |
0 (0%) |
2 (20.0%) |
2 (33.3%) |
< 0.001 |
| Concurrent chemotherapy |
34 (17.2%) |
28 (27.5%) |
10 (50.0%) |
2 (20.0%) |
0 (0%) |
0.004 |
| Central venous catheterization |
56 (28.3%) |
20 (19.6%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
4 (66.7%) |
0.001 |
| Urinary catheterization |
62 (31.3%) |
16 (15.7%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
4 (66.7%) |
< 0.001 |
| Ventilator-assisted state |
14 (7.1%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
4 (66.7%) |
< 0.001 |
| Shock |
66 (33.3%) |
14 (13.7%) |
0 (0%) |
4 (40.0%) |
2 (33.3%) |
< 0.001 |
| Use combination of antimicrobial agents |
107 (54.0%) |
50 (49.0%) |
0 (0%) |
3 (30.0%) |
6 (100.0%) |
< 0.001 |
| Inappropriate antimicrobial agent use |
72 (36.4%) |
60 (58.8%) |
8 (40.0%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0.065 |
| Duration of antimicrobial agent use (day, mean) |
11.23 |
12.69 |
9.40 |
8.40 |
18.00 |
< 0.001 |
| Laboratory findings |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| White blood cell count (number/ mm3) |
12.45 |
16.66 |
4.83 |
10.02 |
17.02 |
< 0.001 |
| Platelet (×103/mm3) |
118.35 |
136.53 |
59.10. |
72.40 |
226.33 |
< 0.001 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) |
164.76 |
162.18 |
132.70 |
165.00 |
292.00 |
< 0.001 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (IU/L, mean) |
380.95 |
217.63 |
159.00 |
153.00 |
499.33 |
< 0.001 |
| Aspartate transaminase (AST) (U/L, mean) |
209.30 |
286.27 |
56.50 |
596.00 |
140.67 |
< 0.001 |
| Alanine transaminase (ALT) (U/L, mean) |
140.33 |
184.31 |
42.90 |
344.00 |
72.00 |
< 0.001 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dL) |
6.62 |
6.20 |
2.78 |
7.71 |
0.60 |
< 0.001 |
| Prothrombin time (PT) (INR, mean) |
2.01 |
1.98 |
1.60 |
1.73 |
1.18 |
< 0.001 |
| activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) (sec) |
55.29 |
47.97 |
45.76 |
47.14 |
29.03 |
< 0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) |
1.27 |
1.20 |
0.93 |
1.12 |
1.03 |
< 0.001 |
| Antimicrobial agent (susceptibility within all isolates, n [%]) |
Susceptibility within species, n (%) |
|
| Ampicillin (28 [8.3%]) |
8 (4.0%) |
16 (15.7%) |
4 (20%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
<0.001 |
| Ampicillin/Sulbactam (92 [28.9%]) |
50 (25.3%) |
32 (31.4%) |
10 (50%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0.014 |
| Piperacillin (268 [79.8%]) |
154 (77.8%) |
82 (80.4%) |
20 (100%) |
10 (100%) |
2 (33.3%) |
0.003 |
| Piperacillin/Tazobactam (284 [84.5%]) |
160 (80.8%) |
92 (90.2%) |
20 (100%) |
10 (100%) |
2 (33.3%) |
<0.001 |
| Ceftriaxone (284 [84.5%]) |
170 (85.9%) |
84 (82.4%) |
20 (100%) |
8 (80%) |
2 (33.3%) |
0.002 |
| Ceftazidime (312 [92.9%]) |
182 (91.9%) |
98 (96.1%) |
20 (100%) |
10 (100%) |
2 (33.3%) |
<0.001 |
| Ciprofloxacin (302 [89.9%]) |
176 (89.9%) |
90 (88.2%) |
20 (100%) |
10 (100%) |
6 (100%) |
0.334 |
| Imipenem (303 [90.2%]) |
165 (83.3%) |
102 (100%) |
20 (100%) |
10 (100%) |
6 (100%) |
0.021 |
| Tobramycin (288 [85.7%]) |
160 (80.8%) |
100 (98.0%) |
14 (70%) |
8 (80%) |
6 (100%) |
<0.001 |
| Gentamicin (312 [92.9%]) |
178 (89.9%) |
100 (98.0%) |
20 (100%) |
8 (80%) |
6 (100%) |
0.024 |
| Amikacin (326 [97.0%]) |
188 (94.9%) |
102 (100%) |
20 (100%) |
10 (100%) |
6(100%) |
0.127 |
| Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (294 [87.8%]) |
167 (84.3%) |
97 (95.1%) |
20 (100%) |
8 (80%) |
2 (33.3%) |
<0.001 |
