rho, vn, S and aos are differentially expressed and required in distinct regions of the brain. Stage 9 (st9); red solid line demarcates the wild-typic MAPK domain, according to (a). (a,b) rho is expressed within MAPK domain in DC/PC (solid green line), and in the mesectoderm (‘midline cells’) ventral to TC/DC which are characterized by expression of Single-minded (shown in figure 5n,q). (c) S is broadly expressed in the brain NE, while expression levels vary. (d) vn is expressed in ventral PC and ventral/intermediate DC (solid yellow line), and mesectodermal cells. (e) Scheme summarizes expression data in (a–d), and the EGFR-independent expression of aos in dorsal TC (see also figure 4g and the main text for further explanations). (f) MAPK is strongly reduced in rhoPΔ5 mutant brain NE (red hatched line), when compared with wild-type (a); black arrow indicates faint MAPK in the mutant DC. (g) In vnRG436 mutants, MAPK is reduced particularly in the ventral PC, and ventral/intermediate DC (red hatched line). For orientation, other abbreviations and symbols see figure 1.