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. 2016 Dec 14;6(12):160202. doi: 10.1098/rsob.160202

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© 2016 The Authors.

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Figure 5. — EGFR activity depends on Tll in PC, and on Sim in TC. (a–c) At stage 5 (st5) tll expression is activated exclusively in PC [63], prior to MAPK (a,b). (b) At late stage 6 (lst6), the protocerebral MAPK domain largely originates within the tll domain (encircled with black dashed line); indicated are subregions of strong (+) and weak (∼) tll expression levels. Few MAPK-positive cells (arrow) originate outside the tll-expressing NE. (c) Until stage 9, tll expression largely overlaps with MAPK in PC. (d–f) At stage 9, rho expression is missing in tll^l49 mutant PC (green dashed outline in (e)), except in anteriodorsal NE (arrow), when compared with wild-type (solid green outline in (d)). (f) Upon NGT40 > tll, rho is ectopically expressed in ventral TC/DC (white arrowheads), and detected at stronger expression levels in ventral PC. Note that En expression is repressed in NGT40 > tll. Tentative segment boundaries were therefore estimated based on their wild-typic position with regard to the cephalic furrow, because the extent of the brain NE is largely unaffected in NGT40 > tll embryos. (g–i) At stage 9, compared to wild-type (g), MAPK is missing in tll^l49 mutant PC (red hatched outline) in 80% of hemispheres (n = 20) (h) and ectopically activated in ventral/intermediate TC and DC upon NGT40 > tll (white arrowheads in (i)). We cannot exclude that lack of en expression in TC and DC partly evokes ectopic MAPK or rho expression (f) in these neuromeres. (j–l) At late stage 9, vn expression is lost in PC (yellow hatched outline; compared with wild-type in (p)). (l) Correspondingly, Vnd is lost in PC of tll^l49 mutants (brown hatched outline), compared with wild-type (brown solid line in (k)). (m) Schematic summary of data in (a–l) and (n–v). Neuroectodermal Tll (violet) induces EGFR signalling in PC (hatched in violet), while mesectodermal Sim (turquoise) induces EGFR activity in ventral TC (hatched in turquoise). (n–s) At stage 9, coexpression of Sim (n,q), rho (o) and vn (p,q) in mesectodermal cells ventral to TC/DC. Expression of rho (o) and vn (p,q) is lost in sim^H9 mutant mesectoderm (black arrowheads in r,s). (b) MAPK is specifically lost in TC (red hatched line) and mesectoderm of sim^H9 mutants (u), and upon NGT40 > sim ubiquitously activated in the brain NE at stage 11 (v). For orientation, other abbreviations and symbols see figure 1.