Table 1.

Predictive and prognostic oncological biomarkers of solid tumours.

malignancy	predictive biomarker	gene abnormality	drug therapy	biological role of biomarker
colorectal	EGFR	over-expression	imatinib	signalling protein downstream of primary target
	K-ras G13D	gene mutation	cetuximab
	B-raf V600E DPD	gene mutation	panitumumab
breast	no mutated gene	none	tamoxifen	primary target
	ER/PR	gene deletion/absence of expression	aromatase inhibitor	drug metabolism
	BRCA1/2	mutation or deletion	olaparib	predictive and prognostic biomarkers
	HER2/neu (Erb-B2)	gene amplification	trastuzumab
NSCLC	EGFR	over-expression	gefitinib	DNA repair
	ERCC	gene mutation	erlotinib	downstream of primary target
	K-ras	gene mutation	platinum biological
prostate	PSA	over-expression	enzalutamide	blocking testosterone
	PCA3	gene mutation