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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2016 Jul 23;233(18):3361–3370. doi: 10.1007/s00213-016-4372-0

Table 5.

Parameter estimates of the direct paths to substance use with demographic covariates.

Impulsive
Choice		 Impulsive
Action		 Impulsive
Personality
Traits
Direct
Effects 		β p β p β p
AUDIT 0.088 0.001 −0.041 0.237 0.206 <0.001
DUDIT 0.034 0.226 0.035 0.387 0.164 <0.001
Smoking 0.054 0.057 0.033 0.430 0.137 <0.001
Covariates
Sex −0.039 0.172 −0.023 0.544 0.004 0.903
Age 0.076 0.145 −0.354 0.000 0.041 0.461
Site 0.116 0.001 −0.084 0.071 0.074 0.038
Education −0.159 0.001 0.055 0.400 −0.155 0.004
Income −0.060 0.063 0.015 0.727 −0.050 0.146