Table 1.

Participant Characteristics (n=190)

Variable	Frequency
Age	Range= 8-21 Mean=14.35 (2.23)
Gender
Females	72.3%
Males	22.0%
Race
Caucasian	81.7%
Black or African American	8.4%
Asian or Asian American	3.1%
Hispanic	1.6%
Other	1.6%
Surgical Approach
Posterior	89.9%
Anterior	10.1%
Absolute value of Major Curve	Range= 22-111° Mean= 57.5° (13.09°)
Location of maximum curve (Lenke Classification)
Major thoracic	48.7%
Double thoracic	23.8%
Thoraculumbar/Lumbar	12.7%
Thoraculumbar/Lumbar/Main Thoracic	5.8%
Triple major	4.8%
Double major	4.2%
Fusion length	Range= 0-14
Posterior	Mean= 8.65 (4.15) vertebrae fused
Anterior	Mean= 0.89 (2.12)