Table 2. Known receptors that sense specific nucleic acid sequences.

We listed each receptor according to the nature of its ligand, the sequence it recognizes, its subcellular localization and the methods used to determine the sequence specificity. NGS: Next Generation Sequencing. EMSA: Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay.

	Receptor	Sequence/pattern	Method of determination	Localization	Reference
RNA	RIG-I	AU-rich sequence and dsRNA structures	NGS and crystal structure	Cytosol	[41] [42] [43] [48] [49] [50]
	MDA5	AU-rich sequence and dsRNA structures	NGS and crystal structure	Cytosol	[48] [49] [51]
	DDX17	CA- and CT-repeat, (GTA)CATCC(CTA) motif and stem-loop structure	NGS	Cytosol and Nucleus	[53] [54]
	IFIT 2	AU-rich ssRNA sequence	Crystal structure and EMSA	Cytosol	[52]
	TLR7	U(C/G)U or U(U/A)N and (A/U)CG(A/U) motifs. G residues and U-rich ssRNA	Cytokine measure after stimulation	Endosome	[23] [32] [34]
	TLR8	U-rich ssRNA degraded into U residues and short oligonucleotides	Crystal Structure	Endosome	[33]
	TLR13	GAAAGACC and stem- loop-like structure	Crystal Structure	Endosome (mouse)	[81]
DNA	TLR9	RRCGYY	Crystal structure	Endosome	[38]
	cGAS	Short dsDNA flanked with at least 3 G	Cytokine measure after stimulation + receptor binding assay	Cytosol	[57]
	Sox2	(C/T)(A/T)TTGT(T/C)ATG CAAAT	Cytokine measure after stimulation + receptor binding assay	Cytosol	[58]