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. 2016 Oct;11(4):224–233.

Table2.

Means, SDs, t and P-Value between and within Two Groups for the Psychological Assessment and Rating Scales

Measures Group Mean and SD
“t” and p value
(Within Group Comparison)
“t” and p-value (between Group Comparison)
1
2
3
4
M ± SD M ± SD t (p) t (p) F (Sig.) t (p) F (Sig.)
VWM E 6.4000 ± 2.17051 13.8000 ± 4.98422 -4.935 (0.001) 0.929 (0.365) 0.551 (0.467) 4.604 (0.0) 5.326 (0.033)
C 5.6000 ± 1.64655 6.2000 ± 1.54919 -1.964 (0.081)
VS WM E 7.6000 ± 1.2649 12.000 ± 1.3333 -12.944 (0.000) 0.758 (0.458) 1.558 (0.228) 7.426 (0.0) 0.009 (0.927)
C 7.0 ± 2.16025 7.2000 ± 1.54919 -0.557 (0.591)
ADHD E 73.2000 ± 5.09466 45.0000 ± 6.84755 15.456 (0.000) 0.308 (0.762) 0.030 (0.865) -10.173 (0.000) 1.023 (0.325)
C 72.5000 ± 5.08265 72.6000 ± 5.16828 -130 (0.899)
AD E 81.5000± 4.24918 43.6000 ± 7.51591 14.136 (0.0) 0.052 (0.959) 0.012 (0.915) -13.543 (0.0) 2.886 (0.107)
C 81.4000 ± 4.29987 81.8000 ± 4.80278 -0.459 (0.657)

df for within group comparison = 29, df for between group comparison = 58, 1= pre-assessment, 2= post-assessment, 3= pre to pre-assessment, 4= post to post-assessment, V WM = verbal working memory, VS WM = Visuospatial working memory, ADHD = attention deficit and hyperactivity, AD = attention deficit, E = experimental group, C = control group