Table 2.

Change from baseline cardiopulmonary function during nITP, DH, and nITP+DH

	nITP			DH			nITP+DH
Parameter	Baseline	Condition	Δ	Baseline	Condition	Δ	Baseline	Condition	Δ
RR, beats/min	14 ± 3	9 ± 4	−5 ± 4†	13 ± 3	14 ± 1	1 ± 2	13 ± 3	14 ± 1	1 ± 2
VT, liters	0.56 ± 0.11	1.00 ± 0.47	0.44 ± 0.43†	0.56 ± 0.13	0.66 ± 0.15	0.09 ± 0.14*	0.56 ± 0.13	0.55 ± 0.14	−0.01 ± 0.16
VE, l/min	7 ± 1	7 ± 1	0 ± 2	7 ± 1	9 ± 2	2 ± 2†	7. ± 1	7 ± 2	0 ± 2
TI, s	1.7 ± 0.3	5.2 ± 2.3	3.4 ± 2.3†	1.8 ± 0.5	1.3 ± 0.3	−0.5 ± 0.4†	1.8 ± 0.5	2.3 ± 0.2	0.5 ± 0.5†
TE, s	2.8 ± 0.7	2.7 ± 1.6	−0.1 ± 1.6	2.6 ± 0.4	2.9 ± 0.3	0.3 ± 0.5	2.6 ± 0.4	1.9 ± 0.2	−0.7 ± 0.4†
TI/TTOT	0.39 ± 0.05	0.65 ± 0.06	0.26 ± 0.08†	0.40 ± 0.05	0.31 ± 0.06	−0.09 ± 0.05†	0.40 ± 0.04	0.55 ± 0.04	0.15 ± 0.05†
Pes.ins, cmH2O	−3.7 ± 1.9	−22.4 ± 2.8	−18.7 ± 2.7†	−3.2 ± 1.5	−13.3 ± 5.4	−10.1 ± 5.1†	−3.2 ± 1.5	−23.7 ± 3.3	−20.5 ± 3.9†
Pes.exp, cmH2O	1.6 ± 1.5	2.7 ± 2.0	1.1 ± 1.9	2.1 ± 1.5	3.8 ± 3.4	1.8 ± 3.7*	2.1 ± 1.5	7.5 ± 5.6	5.4 ± 5.4†
IC, liters	–	–	–	2.90 ± 0.88	1.20 ± 0.54	−1.70 ± 0.81†	2.90 ± 0.88	0.71 ± 0.19	−2.19 ± 0.83†
LVEDV, ml	112 ± 22	108 ± 24	−5 ± 5†	113 ± 22	102 ± 23	−10 ± 11†	111 ± 21	97 ± 22	−14 ± 11†
LVESV, ml	47 ± 10	47 ± 10	0 ± 4	47 ± 9	45 ± 12	−2 ± 5	46 ± 8	43 ± 9	−3 ± 4*
EF, %	58 ± 3	56 ± 4	−4 ± 3*	58 ± 2	56 ± 4	−2 ± 5	58 ± 3	55 ± 5	−3 ± 5*
LVSV, ml	65 ± 13	61 ± 15	−4 ± 4†	66 ± 14	57 ± 12	−9 ± 9†	65 ± 14	54 ± 15	−10 ± 10†
Q, l/min	3.8 ± 0.7	3.9 ± 0.7	0.1 ± 0.6	3.8 ± 0.6	3.5 ± 0.5	−0.2 ± 0.6	3.8 ± 0.6	3.6 ± 0.9	−0.2 ± 0.9
HR, beats/min	59 ± 12	67 ± 14	7 ± 9*	59 ± 11	63 ± 12	5 ± 5*	60 ± 11	68 ± 13	8 ± 9*
MAP, mmHg	76 ± 8	77 ± 7	1 ± 7	76 ± 8	80 ± 7	3 ± 8	76 ± 78	85 ± 11	8 ± 11*
SVR, Δ %	–	–	4 ± 16	–	–	16 ± 25*	–	–	34 ± 41*
SpO2, %	99 ± 1	98 ± 2	0 ± 2	99 ± 1	99 ± 1	0 ± 1	99 ± 1	97 ± 3	−2 ± 3*

Values are means ± SD; n = 20, except for echocardiographic volume measurements, n = 19, n = 18, and n = 17, and for LV geometry, n = 19, n = 15, and n = 13, in nITP, DH, and nITP+DH, respectively. Δ, change from baseline; RR, respiratory rate; V_T, tidal volume; T_I, inspiratory time; T_E, expiratory time; T_I/T_TOT, ratio of inspiratory time to total respiratory cycle time; P_es.ins and P_es.exp, inspiratory and expiratory esophageal pressure; IC, inspiratory capacity; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; EF, ejection fraction; SV, stroke volume; Q, cardiac output; HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; SVR, systemic vascular resistance; Sp_O2, oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry. Significant change from baseline:

^*P < 0.05,

^†P < 0.001.