Table 3.
Serum cytokines and adipokines
| Cytokine | Serum Concentration | ANOVA | Pairwise t-Test (P value) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | Steatosis | NASH | P Value | Normal vs. Steatosis | Steatosis vs. NASH | Normal vs. NASH | |
| Adiponectin, ng/ml | 363.9 ± 61.4 | 316.7 ± 25.2 | 254.6 ± 30.7 | 0.18 | |||
| Adipsin, ng/ml | 123.3 ± 23.6 | 182.2 ± 60.2 | 271.0 ± 80.2 | 0.13 | |||
| EGF, pg/ml | 77.0 ± 23.1 | 75.2 ± 18.1 | 74.8 ± 18.0 | 0.99 | |||
| Eotaxin, pg/ml | 69.9 ± 19.2 | 79.3 ± 13.2 | 100.0 ± 21.2 | 0.51 | |||
| FGF2, pg/ml | 28.0 ± 4.3 | 23.2 ± 2.8 | 28.1 ± 3.5 | 0.48 | |||
| Fractalkine, pg/ml | 117.8 ± 60.4 | 23.5 ± 9.2 | 91.7 ± 51.4 | 0.19 | |||
| G-CSF, pg/ml | 62.3 ± 9.6 | 48.3 ± 7.3 | 58.2 ± 9.5 | 0.50 | |||
| GM-CSF, pg/ml | 11.7 ± 2.0 | 9.9 ± 1.1 | 11.3 ± 1.5 | 0.65 | |||
| GRO, pg/ml | 742.9 ± 161.5 | 521.9 ± 57.3 | 428.9 ± 43.6 | 0.06 | |||
| HGF, pg/ml | 672.0 ± 112.5 | 739.2 ± 128.6 | 544.3 ± 66.8 | 0.46 | |||
| IFN-a2, pg/ml | 14.4 ± 4.9 | 13.6 ± 3.2 | 16.5 ± 4.7 | 0.87 | |||
| IL-10, pg/ml | 13.8 ± 9.1 | 3.9 ± 1.9 | 8.9 ± 3.9 | 0.34 | |||
| IL-12P40, pg/ml | 35.9 ± 21.0 | 12.3 ± 6.6 | 32.3 ± 11.1 | 0.29 | |||
| IL-12P70, pg/ml | 5.6 ± 2.5 | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 0.28 | |||
| IL-13, pg/ml | 7.1 ± 5.4 | 2.6 ± 1.5 | 14.1 ± 8.6 | 0.31 | |||
| IL-15, pg/ml | 5.0 ± 3.3 | 1.8 ± 1.2 | 4.2 ± 1.7 | 0.46 | |||
| IL-17a, pg/ml | 8.5 ± 3.6 | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 10.2 ± 6.1 | 0.33 | |||
| IL-1a, pg/ml | 27.6 ± 15.1 | 4.5 ± 2.1 | 40.5 ± 25.5 | 0.24 | |||
| IL-1β, pg/ml | 8.9 ± 4.4 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.01* | 0.006 | 0.921 | 0.012 |
| IL-1ra, pg/ml | 26.7 ± 4.6 | 32.2 ± 4.2 | 57.0 ± 12.9 | 0.06 | |||
| IL-2, pg/ml | 14.0 ± 8.1 | 1.8 ± 1.1 | 4.8 ± 2.1 | 0.08 | |||
| IL-3, pg/ml | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 0.38 | |||
| IL-4, pg/ml | 17.5 ± 11.8 | 4.0 ± 2.1 | 39.2 ± 22.4 | 0.18 | |||
| IL-5, pg/ml | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 3.0 ± 2.3 | 0.34 | |||
| IL-6, pg/ml | 6.9 ± 2.6 | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.8 | 0.14 | |||
| IL-7, pg/ml | 16.8 ± 11.6 | 4.8 ± 1.7 | 9.2 ± 3.0 | 0.30 | |||
| IL-8, pg/ml | 7.2 ± 1.3 | 4.8 ± 0.3 | 10.2 ± 1.7 | 0.01* | 0.155 | 0.002 | 0.097 |
| IL-9, pg/ml | 2.2 ± 1.2 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 0.39 | |||
| Interferon-γ, pg/ml | 18.5 ± 10.1 | 5.5 ± 1.6 | 51.7 ± 38.5 | 0.32 | |||
| IP-10, pg/ml | 282.0 ± 39.2 | 357.2 ± 25.9 | 410.0 ± 46.1 | 0.12 | |||
| Leptin, ng/ml | 73.4 ± 11.5a | 106.7 ± 8.9b | 74.0 ± 10.0a | 0.04* | 0.045 | 0.023 | 0.967 |
| Lipocalin, ng/ml | 10.3 ± 14.2 | 335.5 ± 81.0 | 21.6 ± 81.9 | 0.14 | |||
| MCP-1, pg/ml | 376.3 ± 60.0 | 444.3 ± 52.2 | 532.3 ± 40.3 | 0.16 | |||
| MCP-3, pg/ml | 15.2 ± 8.9 | 3.6 ± 1.2 | 27.4 ± 16.1 | 0.22 | |||
| MDC, pg/ml | 2032.1 ± 271.3 | 2309.8 ± 182.0 | 3079.8 ± 503.1 | 0.12 | |||
| MIP-1α, pg/ml | 5.5 ± 2.6 | 3.7 ± 1.0 | 532.3 ± 40.3 | 0.03* | 0.542 | 0.011 | 0.095 |
| MIP-1β, pg/ml | 31.0 ± 6.4 | 35.1 ± 3.4 | 54.9 ± 13.2 | 0.13 | |||
| NGF, pg/ml | 5.5 ± 1.1 | 4.8 ± 0.6 | 8.7 ± 1.2 | 0.02* | 0.613 | 0.005 | 0.045 |
| PAI-1, ng/ml | 27.6 ± 3.1 | 21.7 ± 2.3 | 23.7 ± 2.7 | 0.31 | |||
| Resistin, ng/ml | 26.8 ± 2.7 | 30.2 ± 2.3 | 29.7 ± 3.3 | 0.69 | |||
| TGF-α, pg/ml | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 3.1 ± 0.7 | 2.1 ± 0.5 | 0.27 | |||
| TNF-α, pg/ml | 9.6 ± 0.8 | 10.6 ± 1.1 | 15.4 ± 3.4 | 0.19 | |||
| TNF-β, pg/ml | 9.6 ± 0.8 | 2.5 ± 1.2 | 20.6 ± 13.5 | 0.28 | |||
| VEGF, pg/ml | 190.7 ± 60.9 | 75.4 ± 18.6 | 141.3 ± 33.8 | 0.10 | |||
Cytokines/adipokines with a significant ANOVA main effect (P < 0.05) were analyzed by a pairwise t-test with pooled SD to identify individual group differences.
*
Significant ANOVA main effect. Boldface indicates significant (P < 0.05) post hoc pairwise comparisons.