Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 162 patients with type 2 diabetes who had and did not have chronic kidney disease at baseline.
| Overall | Chronic kidney disease at baseline | p values | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 162) | Present (n = 25) | Absent (n = 137) | ||
| Male sex (n, %) | 89, 55 | 12, 48 | 77, 56 | 0.45 |
| Smokers (n, %) | 53, 33 | 6, 24 | 47, 3 | 0.30 |
| Age (years) | 62 ± 10 | 69 ± 9 | 61 ± 10 | 0.000 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.2 ± 3.7 | 25.3 ± 4.0 | 24.0 ± 3.6 | 0.10 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 87.0 ± 10.0 | 88.8 ± 7.7 | 86.7 ± 10.3 | 0.35 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 9.7 ± 7.2 | 12.8 ± 8.0 | 9.1 ± 7.0 | 0.02 |
| Treatment of diabetes; diet/OHA/insulin (n, %) | 53/81/28, 33/50/17 | 4/14/7, 16/56/28 | 49/67/21, 36/49/15 | 0.10 |
| Hypertension; CCB/RASi/diuretics (n, %) | 56/68/7, 35/42/4 | 18/17/5, 72/68/20 | 38/51/2, 28/37/1 | 0.000 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.0 ± 0.8 | 7.2 ± 0.8 | 7.0 ± 0.9 | 0.25 |
| Fasting PG (mg/dL) | 125 ± 23 | 125 ± 24 | 126 ± 22 | 0.86 |
| Postbreakfast PG (mg/dL) | 154 ± 48 | 162 ± 51 | 152 ± 48 | 0.37 |
| CV-HbA1c (%) | 6.7 ± 5.7 | 6.8 ± 4.5 | 6.7 ± 5.9 | 0.96 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 188 ± 21 | 178 ± 26 | 190 ± 20 | 0.012 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 112 ± 22 | 104 ± 24 | 113 ± 22 | 0.06 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 55 ± 15 | 50 ± 12 | 56 ± 16 | 0.06 |
| Fasting TG (mg/dL) | 114 ± 51 | 132 ± 73 | 111 ± 45 | 0.06 |
| Postbreakfast TG (mg/dL) | 145 ± 62 | 167 ± 80 | 141 ± 57 | 0.06 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.000 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 76 ± 16 | 51 ± 9 | 80 ± 13 | 0.000 |
| ΔeGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2/year) | −1.1 ± 2.9 | −1.2 ± 2.4 | −1.1 ± 3.0 | 0.93 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.2 ± 1.3 | 5.7 ± 1.3 | 5.1 ± 1.2 | 0.03 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 128 ± 12 | 131 ± 12 | 128 ± 12 | 0.20 |
| CV-systolic BP (%) | 8.1 ± 2.2 | 8.4 ± 2.1 | 8.0 ± 2.2 | 0.41 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 72 ± 6 | 69 ± 5 | 73 ± 7 | 0.02 |
| Urinary ACR (mg/g) | 86 ± 327 | 233 ± 531 | 59 ± 268 | 0.014 |
| log ACR | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.8 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 0.001 |
| Leucocyte count (103/μL) | 5.8 ± 1.5 | 6.1 ± 1.3 | 5.7 ± 1.5 | 0.19 |
| Maximum IMT (mm) | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.14 |
| Mean IMT (mm) | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.26 |
| ACR ≥ 30 mg/g (n, %) | 53, 33 | 12, 48 | 41, 30 | 0.08 |
Mean ± SD or n, %. OHA; oral hypoglycemic agents, CCB; calcium channel blockers, RASi; renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, PG; plasma glucose, CV; coefficient of variation, eGFR; estimated glomerular filtration rate, ΔeGFR; annual changes in eGFR, BP; blood pressure, ACR; albumin/creatinine ratio, IMT; intima-media thickness, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗p < 0.001.