Table 1.

Potential adverse effects in case of abuse or mishandling of industrial/medicinal used HOCl solution.

Field of application	Abuse/mishandling/adverse effects	Ref.
Household products
Weakly concentrated solutions	Vomiting, pain, and dyspnea	[117]
Highly concentrated solutions	Nausea, diarrhea, hypotension, coma, hypernatraemic hyperchloraemic acidosis, convulsion, and cardiorespiratory arrest	[117]
Water disinfection	Oxidation of organic matter, anthropogenic contaminants, and iodide and bromide conversion in rivers, lakes, and groundwater	[118]
Endodontics	Chemical burns, tissue necrosis, neurological complications, and upper airway obstruction	[119]