Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population (N=833).
| Variable | App+counseling (n=415) | Counseling only (n=418) | P value | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 51.4 (12.1) | 52.3 (12.0) | .28 | |
| Gender (female), n (%) | 249 (60.0) | 268 (64.1) | .23 | |
| Work situation, n (%) | .25 | |||
| Works outside home | 228 (54.9) | 203 (48.6) | ||
| Homemaker | 53 (12.8) | 72 (17.2) | ||
| Retired | 77 (18.6) | 89 (21.3) | ||
| Student | 10 (2.4) | 8 (1.9) | ||
| Unemployed | 47 (11.3) | 46 (11.0) | ||
| Educational level, n (%) | ||||
| University studies | 117 (28.2) | 132 (31.6) | .42 | |
| Middle or high school | 208 (50.1) | 208 (49.8) | ||
| Elementary school | 90 (21.7) | 78 (18.7) | ||
| Smoking, n (%) | .20 | |||
| Nonsmoker | 190 (45.8) | 166 (39.7) | ||
| Smoker | 94 (22.7) | 108 (25.8) | ||
| Former smoker | 131 (31.6) | 144 (34.4) | ||
| Waist circumference (cm), mean (SD) | 95.2 (13.2) | 94.8 (13.1) | .71 | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 28.1 (5.1) | 27.6 (4.59) | .14 | |
| BMI category, n (%) | .50 | |||
| <25 | 117 (28.2) | 131 (31.3) | ||
| 25-30 | 172 (41.4) | 173 (41.4) | ||
| >30 | 126 (30.4) | 114 (27.3) | ||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 124 (16) | 124 (17) | .75 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 76 (10) | 76 (10) | .41 | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 202 (35) | 206 (37) | .08 | |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 112 (63) | 107 (67) | .29 | |
| Glycated hemoglobin (%), mean (SD) | 5.5 (0.5) | 5.5 (0.6) | .87 | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 145 (34.9) | 133 (31.8) | .34 | |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 116 (28.2) | 113 (27.3) | .77 | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 32 (7.7) | 30 (7.2) | .77 | |
| Medication use, n (%) | ||||
| Antihypertensive drugs | 108 (26.0) | 95 (22.7) | .29 | |
| Lipid-lowering drugs | 90 (21.7) | 74 (17.7) | .16 | |
| Antidiabetic drugs | 24 (5.8) | 28 (6.7) | .67 | |
| Physical activity stage of change, n (%)a | .35 | |||
| Precontemplation | 57 (14.0) | 73 (17.7) | ||
| Contemplation | 28 (6.9) | 38 (9.2) | ||
| Preparation | 58 (14.2) | 51 (12.4) | ||
| Action | 30 (7.4) | 26 (6.3) | ||
| Maintenance | 235 (57.6) | 224 (54.4) | ||
| Dietary habits stage of change, n (%) | .91 | |||
| Precontemplation | 34 (8.3) | 34 (8.2) | ||
| Contemplation | 26 (6.3) | 20 (4.8) | ||
| Preparation | 59 (14.3) | 57 (13.8) | ||
| Action | 18 (4.4) | 18 (4.3) | ||
| Maintenance | 275 (66.7) | 285 (68.8) | ||
| Participants with total Mediterranean diet score ≥9 points, n (%) | 142 (34.2) | 119 (28.5) | .09 | |
| Score for adherence to Mediterranean diet, mean (SD) | 7.6 (2.1) | 7.4 (2.0) | .09 | |
a Stage of change by Prochaska and Diclemente model.