TABLE 2.
Prevalence of Syndromic Diagnoses and Laboratory-Confirmed Genital/Sexually Transmitted Infections at Enrollment Among Newly Diagnosed HIV-infected Adults Attending HIV Care Clinics in Windhoek, Namibia
| Females | Males | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Syndrome/Infection | N* | P† | (95% CI) | N* | P† | (95% C) | Difference | (95% CI) |
| Syndromic diagnoses | ||||||||
| Genital ulcer | 335 | 9.5 | (6.6–13.2) | 264 | 9.8 | (6.5–14.1) | 0.3 | (−4.5 to 5.1) |
| Nonpregnant | 228 | 9.2 | (5.4–13.0) | |||||
| Pregnant | 89 | 12.3 | (5.4–19.3) | |||||
| Urethral discharge | 264 | 1.5 | (0.4–3.8) | |||||
| Vaginal discharge | 335 | 62.7 | (57.4–67.9) | |||||
| Nonpregnant | 228 | 58.3 | (51.9–64.8) | |||||
| Pregnant | 89 | 77.5 | (68.7–86.4) | |||||
| Laboratory-confirmed infections | ||||||||
| STI | ||||||||
| Treponema pallidum | 312 | 0.6 | (0.2–1.5) | 251 | 2.4 | (0.4–4.3) | −1.7 | (−3.8 to 0.3) |
| Nonpregnant | 215 | 0.4 | (0–1.4) | |||||
| Pregnant | 82 | 1.2 | (0–3.6) | |||||
| Chlamydia trachomatis | 308 | 14.6 | (10.9–19.0) | 250 | 5.2 | (2.8–8.7) | 9.4 | (4.6–14.2) |
| Nonpregnant | 205 | 10.7 | (6.4–15.0) | |||||
| Pregnant | 70 | 18.6 | (9.2–27.9) | |||||
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | 309 | 4.5 | (2.5–7.5) | 252 | 2.4 | (0.9–5.1) | 2.1 | (−0.8 to 5.1) |
| Nonpregnant | 216 | 4.1 | (1.5–6.8) | |||||
| Pregnant | 78 | 6.4 | (0.8–12.0) | |||||
| Trichomonas vaginalis | 312 | 34.6 | (29.3–40.2) | 250 | 4.8 | (2.5–8.2) | 29.8 | (23.9–35.7) |
| Nonpregnant | 219 | 36.5 | (30.1–43.0) | |||||
| Pregnant | 78 | 28.2 | (18.0–38.4) | |||||
| Mycoplasma genitalium | 305 | 12.8 | (9.2–17.1) | 246 | 11.4 | (7.7–16.0) | 1.4 | (−4.0 to 6.8) |
| Nonpregnant | 213 | 12.2 | (7.8–16.6) | |||||
| Pregnant | 77 | 14.3 | (6.3–22.3) | |||||
| Any one or more of above | 308 | 56.3 | (50.5–62.0) | 237 | 23.2 | (18.0–29.1) | 33.1 | (25.3–40.8) |
| Nonpregnant | 212 | 54.2 | (47.5–61.0) | |||||
| Pregnant | 76 | 62.5 | (49.3–71.8) | |||||
| Herpes simplex type 2‡ | 30 | 33.3 | (17.3–52.8) | 23 | 47.8 | (26.8–69.4) | −14.5 | (−41.0 to 12.0) |
| Nonpregnant | 23 | 39.1 | (17.5–60.7) | |||||
| Pregnant | 7 | 14.3 | (0–49.2) | |||||
| RTI | ||||||||
| Bacterial vaginosis | 325 | 37.2 | (31.9–42.7) | |||||
| Nonpregnant | 224 | 35.3 | (29.0–41.6) | |||||
| Pregnant | 87 | 41.4 | (30.8–51.9) | |||||
| Vulvovaginal candidiasis | 313 | 18.2 | (14.1–22.9) | |||||
| Nonpregnant | 214 | 14.9 | (10.1–19.8) | |||||
| Pregnant | 84 | 25.0 | (15.5–34.4) | |||||
| Either female RTI | 313 | 53.3 | (47.7–59.0) | |||||
| Nonpregnant | 214 | 48.6 | (41.8–55.3) | |||||
| Pregnant | 85 | 63.5 | (53.1–74.0) | |||||
| Any STI or RTI | 308 | 80.0 | (74.9–84.2) | 237 | 23.2 | (18.0–29.1) | 56.7 | (49.7–63.7) |
| Nonpregnant | 213 | 77.0 | (71.3–82.7) | |||||
| Pregnant | 81 | 86.4 | (78.8–94.0) | |||||
| Multiple STI/RTI§ | 335 | 32.5 | (27.5–37.8) | 264 | 3.8 | (1.8–6.8) | 28.7 | (23.2–34.3) |
| Nonpregnant | 227 | 29.1 | (23.1–35.1) | |||||
| Pregnant | 88 | 38.6 | (28.3–49.0) | |||||
Pregnancy status was not determined/disclosed for all women.
*
Number tested.
†
Prevalence (%).
‡
Among the subset of patients who presented with a genital ulcer. This does not represents the prevalence of HSV-2 among the general clientele of male and female participants.
§
Defined as 2 or more concurrent STIs or RTIs, excluding HSV-2.