Table 5.
Impact of proanthocyanidins on enzymes and transporters involved in the digestion of proteins.
| Type of PACs | Type of interaction | Model | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oligomeric procyanidins (OPC) of grape seed | Inhibition of trypsin in vitro | Trypsin: 0.072 g/l Substrate: BApNA |
OPC at 313 mg/l had the highest inhibitory activity. At 233 mg/l fractions 4 and 5 had the higher inhibitory activity | (148) |
| Condensed tannins from 4 fodder plants (PACs from oligomer to octamer) | Inhibition of trypsin in vitro and in vivo | Substrate: BApNA Rats feed with tannin containing diet (10 g/kg) |
Positive correlation between degree of polymerization and inhibitory activity on trypsin (r = 0.928) and protein precipitation capacity (r = 0.855) ↓ in activity of trypsin in the upper, middle, and lower segments of intestine |
(150) |
| Procyanidins from grape seed | Inhibition of pancreatic elastase in vitro | Pancreatic elastase (PPE) (0.8 µM), Suc-(Ala)3-p-nitroanilide (250 µM) as substrate | Inhibitory activity: Oligomeric fraction: IC50 16 µM Tetramer fraction: IC50 585.1 µM Trimer C2: IC50 5,863.3 µM |
(151) |