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Path model results for maternal positive parenting and poor discipline behaviors and child effortful control from child ages 3 to 13–14 years.
Note: Figured numbers denote standardized parameter estimates and associated standard errors of effects for positive parenting (first line) above poor discipline (second line); Significant associations observed between concurrent positive parenting and poor discipline (r = −.13, p = .04 to −.35, p < .001).*** p < .001. ** p < .01. * p < .05.
