TABLE 1.
Effect of maternal REST on in vitro development of NT, IVF, ICSI, and PA porcine embryos
Note: values with different superscripts within columns denote significant differences (p < 0.05).
| Groups | Repeats | Embryos | Cleavage | Blastocyst | No. of blastocyst cells | Embryos arrested at two/four-cell stage | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | % | ||||||
| NT | Con | 3 | 122 | 86 (71.9 ± 6.67) | 25 (21.53 ± 3.15)a | 38.33 ± 8.33 | 33 (28.07 ± 3.43)a |
| IgG | 3 | 131 | 100 (78.33 ± 7.84) | 26 (20.8 ± 2.27)a | 39.43 ± 10.56 | 40 (30.33 ± 8.33)a | |
| Anti-REST | 3 | 137 | 104 (75.52 ± 11.11) | 9 (7.27 ± 3.50)b | 32.89 ± 8.50 | 72 (54.39 ± 4.11)b | |
| Con + DMSO | 3 | 169 | 136 (81.28 ± 4.73) | 30 (18.14 ± 5.72)a | 35.25 ± 8.38 | 54 (32.48 ± 5.87)a | |
| Con + SB | 3 | 166 | 130 (79.31 ± 5.25) | 45 (28.93 ± 4.33)d | 41.26 ± 7.64 | 40 (25.74 ± 3.27)a | |
| Anti-REST + DMSO | 3 | 164 | 126 (78.26 ± 6.82) | 9 (6.48 ± 7.78)b | 30.52 ± 10.65 | 91 (56.84 ± 5.21)b | |
| Anti-REST + SB | 3 | 169 | 132 (79.10 ± 5.08) | 37 (22.94 ± 5.09)a,d | 37.41 ± 9.62 | 42 (25.25 ± 4.52)a | |
| hREST-GFP mRNA | 3 | 96 | 74 (78.13 ± 10.95) | 23 (23.09 ± 4.13)a | 35.14 ± 7.50 | 26 (27.52 ± 3.88)a | |
| GFP mRNA | 3 | 87 | 64 (75.00 ± 8.86) | 16 (19.95 ± 5.86)a | 32.25 ± 10.32 | 24 (29.32 ± 3.53)a | |
| Con | 3 | 120 | 82 (70.08 ± 6.67) | 17 (15.7 ± 4.08) | 43.00 ± 7.53 | 54 (45.26 ± 7.92) | |
| IVF | IgG | 3 | 120 | 88 (73.78 ± 5.71) | 17 (15.24 ± 4.60) | 39.33 ± 8.52 | 61 (52.64 ± 11.33) |
| Anti-REST | 3 | 120 | 85 (71.92 ± 8.48) | 16 (14.41 ± 6.86) | 41.67 ± 10.48 | 55 (47.46 ± 4.27) | |
| hREST-GFP mRNA | 3 | 120 | 78 (66.67 ± 7.86) | 16 (14.17 ± 8.17) | 37.33 ± 5.75 | 52 (43.61 ± 6.15) | |
| GFP mRNA | 3 | 120 | 77 (65.52 ± 7.24) | 15 (12.67 ± 5.70) | 44.33 ± 6.67 | 60 (49.58 ± 8.25) | |
| Con | 3 | 106 | 75 (70.65 ± 4.20) | 22 (21.55 ± 10.92) | 36.41 ± 4.21 | 27 (26.56 ± 5.25) | |
| ICSI | IgG | 3 | 99 | 77 (77.78 ± 2.39) | 19 (20.37 ± 3.27) | 34.37 ± 4.52 | 24 (25.45 ± 4.24) |
| Anti-REST | 3 | 116 | 91 (78.45 ± 6.88) | 25 (21.58 ± 2.66) | 33.33 ± 8.33 | 32 (28.24 ± 4.32) | |
| hREST-GFP mRNA | 3 | 109 | 90 (82.57 ± 5.52) | 25 (23.35 ± 8.33) | 35.48 ± 5.87 | 29 (27.43 ± 7.92) | |
| GFP mRNA | 3 | 102 | 74 (73.69 ± 7.05) | 24 (22.67 ± 4.11) | 39.39 ± 7.33 | 30 (30.26 ± 5.52) | |
| Con | 3 | 120 | 105 (89.29 ± 6.04) | 50 (42.86 ± 4.19) | 43.22 ± 5.15 | 17 (15.32 ± 3.43) | |
| PA | IgG | 3 | 120 | 110 (93.33 ± 3.43) | 55 (46.67 ± 4.33) | 43.88 ± 7.67 | 20 (17.24 ± 4.67 |
| Anti-REST | 3 | 120 | 106 (89.10 ± 7.39) | 50 (43.33 ± 5.05) | 46.67 ± 7.50 | 21 (18.61 ± 4.34) | |
| hREST-GFP mRNA | 3 | 187 | 173 (93.58 ± 7.46) | 91 (49.73 ± 7.33) | 49.48 ± 8.86 | 30 (16.92 ± 2.74) | |
| GFP mRNA | 3 | 177 | 150 (85.31 ± 7.34) | 77 (44.24 ± 8.81) | 44.93 ± 8.30 | 33 (19.33 ± 3.08 | |